tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-80151630657678669752024-03-14T05:01:56.464+00:00Esoteric ArmourResearch, Analysis & Discussion of lesser known military vehicle service.Mandrakehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03742661426196849195noreply@blogger.comBlogger24125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8015163065767866975.post-22606871094265497492014-01-09T01:37:00.002+00:002014-01-09T18:43:57.588+00:00Rwanda Ratel <br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Rwanda is known to have procured 35 Ratel Infantry Fighting Infantry Fighting Vehicle<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19.1875px;"> (IFV) from South Africa in 2007, all are believed be used examples previously in service with the South African army [1].</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">In late August 2013 a number of Rwandan army Ratels were photographed deploying to the border with the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) following allegations that DRC forces had fired upon Rwandan territory whilst engaging rebels forces [2].</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">The main armament of these Ratels is covered in the photographs, however the author assesses that these vehicles have been fitted with BAU-23x2 remotely controlled weapon station [3] [4]. As South Africa has never operated this version it is unclear if this represents the delivery configuration or a later upgrade.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Notes</span></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">[1] SIPRI Arms Transfers Database <a href="http://sipri.org/">http://sipri.org</a> (accessed
06/01/2014)</span></span></i><br />
<i><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">[2]DR Congo unrest:
Rwanda condemns 'bombing'</span></span></i><i><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-23882094"> http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-23882094</a> (accessed
07/01/2014)</span></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">[3] Kharkiv Morozov
Machine Building Design Bureau <a href="http://www.morozov.com.ua/eng/body/bau23.php">http://www.morozov.com.ua/eng/body/bau23.php</a>
(accessed 06/01/2014)</span></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">[4] This
configuration was also selected by Jordan, reportedly passing on a number of
these vehicles to Yemen</span></span></i></div>
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<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEcBVi8Hm-4LWm_-PKzvlLYSsPwEIcTp60PNNc_RxDIDcwDu-mtYpHKKCmJs3aapvLTAI5ZS1cdFT1QWpqU3y3hxCa3pHBFOHmbtGA_0hyphenhyphen4kTMf_WrGFNH6NhwsvM-9KBOk1tll8ijWH0/s1600/EGYPT+FLAG.GIF" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="133" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEcBVi8Hm-4LWm_-PKzvlLYSsPwEIcTp60PNNc_RxDIDcwDu-mtYpHKKCmJs3aapvLTAI5ZS1cdFT1QWpqU3y3hxCa3pHBFOHmbtGA_0hyphenhyphen4kTMf_WrGFNH6NhwsvM-9KBOk1tll8ijWH0/s200/EGYPT+FLAG.GIF" width="200" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">On the 14th August 2013 Egyptian security forces moved to clear protest
camps in Cairo. These camps contained supporters
of former president Mohamed Morsi who was removed from power in military coup
in July 2013. The attempted removal of
these camps has resulted in widespread violence, hundreds of deaths
and left the country in a declared state of emergency [1].</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"> </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFFBWTf_0AZtRorcdoVX3Y_HvHf5UdBblIDGx94pEdS_qEAnFDzCpMvx2NYerJg-lI21D2ONcuqQ_5ZXKCE__7HdMK4cFaaMPee73Opdxz5IycArI-4TNmdtauW3jkoHdESUU1zwnKu58/s1600/EsotericArmourBlogspot+Egypt_Cat_D7RII_A.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="291" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFFBWTf_0AZtRorcdoVX3Y_HvHf5UdBblIDGx94pEdS_qEAnFDzCpMvx2NYerJg-lI21D2ONcuqQ_5ZXKCE__7HdMK4cFaaMPee73Opdxz5IycArI-4TNmdtauW3jkoHdESUU1zwnKu58/s400/EsotericArmourBlogspot+Egypt_Cat_D7RII_A.bmp" width="400" /></a></span></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">The presence of at least one armoured bulldozer in the removal of protest
camps has been heavily reported and photographed. The author has identified the type
used as an Egyptian Army armoured <b>Caterpillar
D7R-II</b> medium Bulldozer. Supporting
evidence of this identification can be found directly on the US
manufacturers website [2].</span></span> </span></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKBa5GaTx9o43RmQPRqkqFkRopytU3qrGffYYnKdWUBtCBQtdkYnNeydUCpdN9RMScIuYlykvUXKT4VF4ewTIVowKO0tM2DXa70Bx7w2tgu1_ozhiK9Tu02y_A29CK_6Nh_B2OEF2K04M/s1600/EsotericArmourBlogspot+Egypt_Cat_D7RII_B_ID1.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="220" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKBa5GaTx9o43RmQPRqkqFkRopytU3qrGffYYnKdWUBtCBQtdkYnNeydUCpdN9RMScIuYlykvUXKT4VF4ewTIVowKO0tM2DXa70Bx7w2tgu1_ozhiK9Tu02y_A29CK_6Nh_B2OEF2K04M/s400/EsotericArmourBlogspot+Egypt_Cat_D7RII_B_ID1.bmp" width="400" /></a></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnjsPl1n3FR33i5poLz7CbSewu42GzOcSPKvtLN0_PCY6gh_VNY6FdRmflvg8aOf0j5Jcp-sb_Aj5y9buczhZ7caHUrD2TOREEvP9e6Ncho0YxI9toT0y7kKkBMZ90QgC1vvZYqBiIc84/s1600/EsotericArmourBlogspot+Egypt_Cat_D7RII_C_ID2.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="218" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnjsPl1n3FR33i5poLz7CbSewu42GzOcSPKvtLN0_PCY6gh_VNY6FdRmflvg8aOf0j5Jcp-sb_Aj5y9buczhZ7caHUrD2TOREEvP9e6Ncho0YxI9toT0y7kKkBMZ90QgC1vvZYqBiIc84/s400/EsotericArmourBlogspot+Egypt_Cat_D7RII_C_ID2.bmp" width="400" /></a></span></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">At the time of writing the author has been unable to find any prior
reference to the procurement and operation of this vehicle type by Egypt other
than a single unreferenced source indicating 240 D7 units are in Egyptian
Service [3]. This same source indicates
that Egypt also operates the much larger Caterpillar D9, though this cannot be
verified. Armoured variants of the D9
are operated by US forces and Israeli forces.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Reports had indicated the presence of multiple bulldozers operating against
protest camps, but the imagery currently available cannot confirm this. The only identifying marking is a black
circles number ‘45’ which is clearly visible in a number of images [4]. This could represent a unit marking or
potentially an individual vehicle marking, the latter would not support reports
of multiple bulldozers deployed.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNSyRizum163t6s5Gh7cyeWYH_cQmlMsRrTsmHr3aI9z2Q3ikx79N5-BqBvdnXoPXtwNDgrONVkk_m1yCYKnWNur8S8rQdeV13EDn0xCeHLoralFXDSx0cDTY6HFp0bMd7KM3tMTMvL-0/s1600/EsotericArmourBlogspot+Egypt_Cat_D7RII_E.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNSyRizum163t6s5Gh7cyeWYH_cQmlMsRrTsmHr3aI9z2Q3ikx79N5-BqBvdnXoPXtwNDgrONVkk_m1yCYKnWNur8S8rQdeV13EDn0xCeHLoralFXDSx0cDTY6HFp0bMd7KM3tMTMvL-0/s400/EsotericArmourBlogspot+Egypt_Cat_D7RII_E.bmp" width="400" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjDgwUchf6mfOdCzYEZG5MQJgPSjLb6iu21BPMNrzeO7agja9SBwkdfYHGRywTvm5PzqP06phjg0dTNttXn1msuTIAMjpNa8YS87njYGOY2Lumkp5HfALh2FMB5VdbAWYOex25QwKfzZY/s1600/EsotericArmourBlogspot+Egypt_Cat_D7RII_F.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjDgwUchf6mfOdCzYEZG5MQJgPSjLb6iu21BPMNrzeO7agja9SBwkdfYHGRywTvm5PzqP06phjg0dTNttXn1msuTIAMjpNa8YS87njYGOY2Lumkp5HfALh2FMB5VdbAWYOex25QwKfzZY/s400/EsotericArmourBlogspot+Egypt_Cat_D7RII_F.jpeg" width="400" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXpKylaAeSk8UDrEL_QZSSYqnC5iyyhkMlsqZsozCtdjcayxXu6mLOoJv4p1aknGFUeWQKnCdg2xY0PM08-WQwHBDW34kebc-63AbaVpJEUDQQ-18aajYmKCASdvqy8vBJ-wnpE05jvDE/s1600/EsotericArmourBlogspot+Egypt_Cat_D7RII_G.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXpKylaAeSk8UDrEL_QZSSYqnC5iyyhkMlsqZsozCtdjcayxXu6mLOoJv4p1aknGFUeWQKnCdg2xY0PM08-WQwHBDW34kebc-63AbaVpJEUDQQ-18aajYmKCASdvqy8vBJ-wnpE05jvDE/s400/EsotericArmourBlogspot+Egypt_Cat_D7RII_G.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRnAG8paYhZIURpycDKnbhFY7awfvxlYdxOfF7Cscn4SqHILvPWB_H1FxIt7kxyB8rJCPtweVyBArKNXSTkCeTAzjYtYv5cXigNC2YG1gsGO1zWugDAh2TQcHPOMHYCxxdnv6CVLI8I14/s1600/EsotericArmourBlogspot+Egypt_Cat_D7RII_H.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="270" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRnAG8paYhZIURpycDKnbhFY7awfvxlYdxOfF7Cscn4SqHILvPWB_H1FxIt7kxyB8rJCPtweVyBArKNXSTkCeTAzjYtYv5cXigNC2YG1gsGO1zWugDAh2TQcHPOMHYCxxdnv6CVLI8I14/s400/EsotericArmourBlogspot+Egypt_Cat_D7RII_H.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXTA6_2DYGG0WWHXAKDsyVBcrUji9Lutt0AklMcaH25QxX3gmWyxYMCJmeVpSffIUG6X6nk28T36xUpNc6ZfTRE1aTdZP3IbVIKicfs9aav2ZGxRiz4z8UndgBfYMwyrXwjok3BoUwHZg/s1600/EsotericArmourBlogspot+Egypt_Cat_D7RII_I.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXTA6_2DYGG0WWHXAKDsyVBcrUji9Lutt0AklMcaH25QxX3gmWyxYMCJmeVpSffIUG6X6nk28T36xUpNc6ZfTRE1aTdZP3IbVIKicfs9aav2ZGxRiz4z8UndgBfYMwyrXwjok3BoUwHZg/s400/EsotericArmourBlogspot+Egypt_Cat_D7RII_I.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRXW5yY7VqWN3u7RNwNGgS2DNCVVH7vh_cMIf3j2zRNfbXCLpXDAqvpQw_5iQHf8tC0329qyn6ko_DbWuc3Vu8jOywyqTYW12CbnYojVvAqIBg_sgLZN1Qc0LiNq80T80KeN5z63zVnNU/s1600/EsotericArmourBlogspot+Egypt_Cat_D7RII_J.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRXW5yY7VqWN3u7RNwNGgS2DNCVVH7vh_cMIf3j2zRNfbXCLpXDAqvpQw_5iQHf8tC0329qyn6ko_DbWuc3Vu8jOywyqTYW12CbnYojVvAqIBg_sgLZN1Qc0LiNq80T80KeN5z63zVnNU/s400/EsotericArmourBlogspot+Egypt_Cat_D7RII_J.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhg6F1TOcXKrdc-58Mqcpxpq2UfS5ucmI8dzAnUtx4ETkPgotAaD72HTfUkWGTNbHQbI0v4uQv2mRfZEUzlsiVR51jvH7vxmhtlCgW20GILzH1TeS8rXzeMqYqxrhLPKkyBH8G6YmnpBwE/s1600/EsotericArmourBlogspot+Egypt_Cat_D7RII_K.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhg6F1TOcXKrdc-58Mqcpxpq2UfS5ucmI8dzAnUtx4ETkPgotAaD72HTfUkWGTNbHQbI0v4uQv2mRfZEUzlsiVR51jvH7vxmhtlCgW20GILzH1TeS8rXzeMqYqxrhLPKkyBH8G6YmnpBwE/s400/EsotericArmourBlogspot+Egypt_Cat_D7RII_K.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJEnHiuj-Co43ce_ie6uWlPvMqUUKnP2wBhEcjG1tKI6oijMNsDlJD2MdGbhWxuqzFwjb-3pNHC5rFLyLpz3Ai3oXUQEcQ-U3aMiMKGUpOnpA06QWZPKfRJGaVoAmkmCPbEJVrKLo5RLE/s1600/EsotericArmourBlogspot+Egypt_Cat_D7RII_L.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="216" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJEnHiuj-Co43ce_ie6uWlPvMqUUKnP2wBhEcjG1tKI6oijMNsDlJD2MdGbhWxuqzFwjb-3pNHC5rFLyLpz3Ai3oXUQEcQ-U3aMiMKGUpOnpA06QWZPKfRJGaVoAmkmCPbEJVrKLo5RLE/s400/EsotericArmourBlogspot+Egypt_Cat_D7RII_L.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">The author does not condone the use of these vehicles in the manner reported
and the purpose of this article and this site in general is to identify and
highlight lesser known military vehicle service. <b><span style="color: red;">Any political comments will be removed.</span></b></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;">Notes</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i>:</i></span></b></span><br />
<i><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: black;">[1] August 14th Clashes (Wikipedia): <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_14th_clashes">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_14th_clashes</a>
(accessed 15/08/2013)</span><span style="color: black;"> </span></span></span></i><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: black;">[2] Caterpillar <a href="http://www.cat.com/" target="_blank">http://www.cat.com</a> & Caterpillar D7RII Brochure: <a href="http://www.cat.com/cda/files/1856782/7/DFP%20D7R-II%20web.pdf">http://www.cat.com/cda/files/1856782/7/DFP%20D7R-II%20web.pdf</a>
(accessed 15/08/2013)</span></span></span></i><br />
<i><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: black;">[3] Equipment of the Modern Egyptian Army (Wikipedia) <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equipment_of_the_modern_Egyptian_Army">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equipment_of_the_modern_Egyptian_Army</a>
(accessed 15/08/2013) </span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span></span></span></i><br />
<i><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[4]
This is not believe to relate to the vehicles weight, which based on
manufacture information is in the region of 30-35 tonnes.</span></span></span></i></div>
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<br />Mandrakehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03742661426196849195noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8015163065767866975.post-32881275106069924552013-03-31T23:42:00.001+01:002013-04-01T15:38:16.706+01:00Mali T-54B<div style="text-align: justify;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNbh4YAV-cOGhOTEwSc_WaAZOjte6DiYsh9cArEE-lelBpppA-OM-zDkvWRrh8SGBFw78J88ZmdM6D0idFAshwyOBYgKA8XTN2WEkTkTjY6sMZvkBVOEh_dsLF8i8U6j6jbzLRwPJ30Z8/s1600/Mali.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="133" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNbh4YAV-cOGhOTEwSc_WaAZOjte6DiYsh9cArEE-lelBpppA-OM-zDkvWRrh8SGBFw78J88ZmdM6D0idFAshwyOBYgKA8XTN2WEkTkTjY6sMZvkBVOEh_dsLF8i8U6j6jbzLRwPJ30Z8/s200/Mali.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The Malian army has been reported to possess an unknown
number of T-54/55 MBT<span style="font-size: small;">s</span> (main battle tanks).<span style="font-size: small;"> </span>The usage of t<span style="font-size: small;">h<span style="font-size: small;">is</span></span> collective term
refers to two types that are outwardly very similar and the difficulty to distinguish
visually between them. It does not necessar<span style="font-size: small;">il</span>y
indicate the presence of both T-54 and T-55 tanks.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Analysis by the author, based upon the limited imagery
available, has however identified only the presence of T-54Bs in Mali.</span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiylkiBnpwRUhem7j4sshYUWTALpLpijQCwNQycyIv-kF46zKfNJ_DJZLA6XbKY5zEwoUL39Px3EMtggP87IhK6CyVEzqc67lrZKAxr5DRfIdvKFzb0XlCeQtS7uYN5Xfm8PYBhX5kSQ7Q/s1600/EsotericArmourBlogspot_MaliT54B_Ident.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="201" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiylkiBnpwRUhem7j4sshYUWTALpLpijQCwNQycyIv-kF46zKfNJ_DJZLA6XbKY5zEwoUL39Px3EMtggP87IhK6CyVEzqc67lrZKAxr5DRfIdvKFzb0XlCeQtS7uYN5Xfm8PYBhX5kSQ7Q/s400/EsotericArmourBlogspot_MaliT54B_Ident.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The only known imagery available of this type in Mali relates
to footage of two events in 2010 and 2011 which show three, possibly four, separate
T-54B examples</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>50<sup>th</sup>
Anniversary of Independence <span style="font-size: small;">P</span>arade, Bamako <span style="font-size: small;">- </span>22 September 2010 </b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><br /></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">T</span>hree T-54B tanks <span style="font-size: small;">took p<span style="font-size: small;">art in the parade on board</span></span> tank transporters. In common with other hardware displayed during
th<span style="font-size: small;">is </span>parade each<span style="font-size: small;"> were</span> named after a settlement and/or local historical figure<span style="font-size: small;">.</span> </span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="177" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhj2q75zrKB0wFYu0wImAD3nicroCvNL4geNaukhS7PPML3VXTohK55KGnwdiPJCCPJqADVdV3l_DCFVNP5KueTrMs2G8q-z9IYVocR3rBZGwcJLrh_r9DcjcFTQNnGwF7tKu6-g6dyAuk/s400/EsotericArmourBlogspot_MaliT54B_2010Parade_1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="400" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Three T-54Bs during the 50<sup>th</sup>
Anniversary of Independence parade. Source: Author's Collection</span></i></span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDlCD7wht6gxo3IUHKW5KCvqmIWbdD40HPAFif4SZ7HbMZ8VqtheVjENLJPd8PrIv2MbjGW2mgWeYARm1TvhJqn5yUnIsDfwmc9xkhyknU2wJM6TduN33afZDKb5T4gdBsFwkwXeSdeK8/s1600/EsotericArmourBlogspot_MaliT54B_2010Parade_SONNI_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="231" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDlCD7wht6gxo3IUHKW5KCvqmIWbdD40HPAFif4SZ7HbMZ8VqtheVjENLJPd8PrIv2MbjGW2mgWeYARm1TvhJqn5yUnIsDfwmc9xkhyknU2wJM6TduN33afZDKb5T4gdBsFwkwXeSdeK8/s400/EsotericArmourBlogspot_MaliT54B_2010Parade_SONNI_1.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i>"SONI ALI BER" Source: Author's Collection</i></span></span></td></tr>
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<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwUEhjvYMkf6JaKUY98lCsFZFeEIH4jVTe5TMDeuEISGo61A7pV1BYMRUjXcFfJfTM8Oe4JK0xjRZsgGaM1KKfKhWN-_4o67Yb12XCxhfPBiJVVY44_ZH7vdMo4QWie6ZnoekieOYjUOQ/s1600/EsotericArmourBlogspot_MaliT54B_2010Parade_BAKARIDIAN_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="233" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwUEhjvYMkf6JaKUY98lCsFZFeEIH4jVTe5TMDeuEISGo61A7pV1BYMRUjXcFfJfTM8Oe4JK0xjRZsgGaM1KKfKhWN-_4o67Yb12XCxhfPBiJVVY44_ZH7vdMo4QWie6ZnoekieOYjUOQ/s400/EsotericArmourBlogspot_MaliT54B_2010Parade_BAKARIDIAN_1.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">"BAKARIDIAN" Source: Author's Collection</span></i></span></td></tr>
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</span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAniGysimcLqfKqkxDVl3ysqDId_IwIpVKC1koFU7fk-Qr_05x2nZJjsEtt7YPu-dROJol3kd7_3ZWFbUJwWEqOb1VPU5jnCsvKfS6Jo3IOfqKpvYw2dD20_AzMyuTs40RrDXcbvibxZ8/s1600/EsotericArmourBlogspot_MaliT54B_2010Parade_2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="315" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAniGysimcLqfKqkxDVl3ysqDId_IwIpVKC1koFU7fk-Qr_05x2nZJjsEtt7YPu-dROJol3kd7_3ZWFbUJwWEqOb1VPU5jnCsvKfS6Jo3IOfqKpvYw2dD20_AzMyuTs40RrDXcbvibxZ8/s400/EsotericArmourBlogspot_MaliT54B_2010Parade_2.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">"BAKARIDIAN" (rear) and an unknown named example (front). Source: Author's Collection</span></span></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: small;">M</span>ilitary <span style="font-size: small;">E</span>xercise/<span style="font-size: small;">D</span>emonstration,
Kati <span style="font-size: small;">- </span>20 <span style="font-size: small;">J</span>anuary 2011 </b></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Three T-54B took part in a live fire military
exercise/demonstration. Two examples
from the independence parade, still retaining their display names, were involved along</span><span style="font-size: small;"> with a third anonymous example.</span></span></div>
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7r1fYrCO35yINttlBbaqKoDfYd3PvDl98SsCZ6jbPYuGaHV_HkbnFRPt89EPrMOLYOHrGEKpGtwcMdzoeZQ-oQ5Msgdwp3GUTuXdp9K1tnUiOXi1A5oEKuqpLOl4wHQ8em83Q3soIDEc/s1600/EsotericArmourBlogspot_MaliT54B_2011Exercise_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="277" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7r1fYrCO35yINttlBbaqKoDfYd3PvDl98SsCZ6jbPYuGaHV_HkbnFRPt89EPrMOLYOHrGEKpGtwcMdzoeZQ-oQ5Msgdwp3GUTuXdp9K1tnUiOXi1A5oEKuqpLOl4wHQ8em83Q3soIDEc/s400/EsotericArmourBlogspot_MaliT54B_2011Exercise_1.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i>"BAKARIDIAN" Source: Author's Collection</i></span></span></td></tr>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMRub3ZocJk1b5fXOWQp4FWi4e16SRnpK0a0qOL9Hr_zLbPLTwDyRwDEHA9j5GwtrTU0lqAMAsf3MgusuHwekMHgnpXeMFDGb-sIMkxbKlXo7Z18e-Ongj5P-4GTLSJVriFYfyVq0p6Qs/s1600/EsotericArmourBlogspot_MaliT54B_2011Exercise_2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="208" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMRub3ZocJk1b5fXOWQp4FWi4e16SRnpK0a0qOL9Hr_zLbPLTwDyRwDEHA9j5GwtrTU0lqAMAsf3MgusuHwekMHgnpXeMFDGb-sIMkxbKlXo7Z18e-Ongj5P-4GTLSJVriFYfyVq0p6Qs/s400/EsotericArmourBlogspot_MaliT54B_2011Exercise_2.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">"SONI BER ALI" Source: Author's Collection</span></span></i></td></tr>
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<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">The current operational status of any T-54Bs in Mali is unclear with no imagery to indicate their involvement in the recent conflict in the North of the country.</span></span></div>
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<![endif]-->Mandrakehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03742661426196849195noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8015163065767866975.post-88303800767207106672013-02-10T21:14:00.000+00:002013-02-10T21:21:05.906+00:00Mali ZSU-23-4 "Shilka" <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">Mali is known to have procured a number of ZSU-23-4 'Shilka' SPAAG (Self-Propelled Anti-Aircraft Gun) from an unknown source. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">At least three units were on display during a parade in the capital Bamako on 22/09/2010, to celebrate the country's 50th anniversary of independence.</span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHrZShQcYlVHSI4jEiSMGBesQlOCRGZb70Hefwwhdvy_XAdChnTFZ2v88ZbN7cB2amjYoiICq7FdGeRtE5bBS09rh1qoCx7Fy13mIMFTDnCly6cc_FS-GcDhF5TQ4ceuc-pNxgkPjPlBI/s1600/EsotericArmourBlogspot_Mali_Shilka_6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHrZShQcYlVHSI4jEiSMGBesQlOCRGZb70Hefwwhdvy_XAdChnTFZ2v88ZbN7cB2amjYoiICq7FdGeRtE5bBS09rh1qoCx7Fy13mIMFTDnCly6cc_FS-GcDhF5TQ4ceuc-pNxgkPjPlBI/s400/EsotericArmourBlogspot_Mali_Shilka_6.jpg" width="318" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Three ZSU-23-4 on flatbed trailers during the 50th anniversary of Independence Parade, Bamako, 22/09/2010.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLExCMtrgSH2Cp-Kpc1KfjtqUQyD-VZHudYRiQHby88DBkGOswzKh4-gbSG_DvrZEIs9oMJs2aXyw3Mz9Sa1xiLdUJk5IfjGpJ6Cw6Mn0cFoDqJ9iMjcPUfS7XsknR_3vkF-m4tKtmZls/s1600/EsotericArmourBlogspot_Mali_Shilka_7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="296" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLExCMtrgSH2Cp-Kpc1KfjtqUQyD-VZHudYRiQHby88DBkGOswzKh4-gbSG_DvrZEIs9oMJs2aXyw3Mz9Sa1xiLdUJk5IfjGpJ6Cw6Mn0cFoDqJ9iMjcPUfS7XsknR_3vkF-m4tKtmZls/s400/EsotericArmourBlogspot_Mali_Shilka_7.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">ZSU-23-4 on parade during the 50th anniversary of Independence parade, Bamako, 22/09/2010. 'TIRAMAKAN' is believed to refer to a 12th Century regional figure. Military vehicles displaying the names of historical figure or settlement featured prominently in the parade</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
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<b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">North<span style="font-size: small;">ern Mali Conflict</span></span></span></b><br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;">The involvement <span style="font-size: small;">of ZSU-23-4 during the Northern Mali C<span style="font-size: small;">onflict[1] <span style="font-size: small;">is unclear<span style="font-size: small;"></span>,<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"> with only a single exampl<span style="font-size: small;">e o<span style="font-size: small;">bserved to date, deployed in the city of Konna.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"></span></span></span></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">On 10/01/2013 Islamic Militant Forces infiltrated the
town of Konna <span style="font-size: small;">forcing the Malian Army to retreated. In the process the army </span>reportedly
abandoned a number of heavy weapons and armoured vehicles, including at least
one ZSU-23-4.</span></span></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">Islamic militant forces, reportedly <span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white;">Ansar al-Din</span>, in Konna,10/01/2013. Source: Sahara Media</span></span></i></span></td></tr>
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<tr align="justify"><td class="tr-caption"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">Islamic militant forces, reportedly <span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white;">Ansar al-Din</span>, in Konn,10/01/2013. Source: Sahara Media</span></span></i></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">Screenshot from archive footage of the capture of
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">The
fall of Konna prompted the French military intervention to assist the Malian
Government. Islamic militant forces in
Konna were subject to French air <span style="font-size: small;">st<span style="font-size: small;">rike<span style="font-size: small;">s the following day and <span style="font-size: small;">then engage<span style="font-size: small;">d by F<span style="font-size: small;">ren<span style="font-size: small;">ch and Mali<span style="font-size: small;">an <span style="font-size: small;">ground forces</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>.
Konna was officially confirmed as recaptured on 18/01/2013.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNOgY_ype-4AInYT4AVRIEJpEWQXV2GKHmCAFPcuczgNzHt8bd8fHiRoaMeDi3qs2baV2Cq-vvcCsIYs7VfN9UXyjGlKJ-sGET1ZtmiHD2Dim7qlX4FcJ9hUmzXzUJSV-IqUiblnsZIGc/s1600/EsotericArmourBlogspot_Mali_Shilka_5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="276" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNOgY_ype-4AInYT4AVRIEJpEWQXV2GKHmCAFPcuczgNzHt8bd8fHiRoaMeDi3qs2baV2Cq-vvcCsIYs7VfN9UXyjGlKJ-sGET1ZtmiHD2Dim7qlX4FcJ9hUmzXzUJSV-IqUiblnsZIGc/s400/EsotericArmourBlogspot_Mali_Shilka_5.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">ZSU-23-4 in Konna 26/01/2013. Note the BM-21 Grad multiple rocket launcher
immediately behind Source: <span class="caption">Reuters</span></span></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">[1]<span style="font-size: small;"> </span>Northern Mali Conflict <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Mali_conflict">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Mali_conflict</a>
(accessed 03/02/2013</span></i></span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></span></i><i><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">[2]
<span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Mali army 'recaptures' Konna from Islamists </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;"><a href="http://www.euronews.com/2013/01/18/mali-army-recaptures-konna-from-islamists" target="_blank">http://www.euronews.com/2013/01/18/mali-army-recaptures-konna-from-islamists</a> </span></span></span></i><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">(accessed 03/02/2013)</span></span></span></i></span><span style="font-weight: normal;"></span>
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Mandrakehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03742661426196849195noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8015163065767866975.post-52655290519094411422013-01-31T23:52:00.002+00:002013-02-04T00:35:52.050+00:00Mali RG-31 NYALA<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNbh4YAV-cOGhOTEwSc_WaAZOjte6DiYsh9cArEE-lelBpppA-OM-zDkvWRrh8SGBFw78J88ZmdM6D0idFAshwyOBYgKA8XTN2WEkTkTjY6sMZvkBVOEh_dsLF8i8U6j6jbzLRwPJ30Z8/s1600/Mali.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="133" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNbh4YAV-cOGhOTEwSc_WaAZOjte6DiYsh9cArEE-lelBpppA-OM-zDkvWRrh8SGBFw78J88ZmdM6D0idFAshwyOBYgKA8XTN2WEkTkTjY6sMZvkBVOEh_dsLF8i8U6j6jbzLRwPJ30Z8/s200/Mali.jpg" width="200" /></a></span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5MiNUVb9Bl9E4fhjHw6Xx63wG6MPlHw457McQWWocuz4-WRxe2TpI31NE2C-R4l1-hF0_jcnJEVsEImIMMQAU61jnZr2_7tpnUqRzOW0siGLTFHgb2xX5IvMTB9nTTGrDnVb7e4TURoo/s1600/EsotericArmourBlogspot_Mali_RG31NYALA.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="287" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5MiNUVb9Bl9E4fhjHw6Xx63wG6MPlHw457McQWWocuz4-WRxe2TpI31NE2C-R4l1-hF0_jcnJEVsEImIMMQAU61jnZr2_7tpnUqRzOW0siGLTFHgb2xX5IvMTB9nTTGrDnVb7e4TURoo/s400/EsotericArmourBlogspot_Mali_RG31NYALA.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">RG-</span>31 Nyala in Bamako, Mai, 17/02/2012. Source: Author's collection</i></span></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Mali<i> </i>procured five RG-31 Nyala [1] mine-protected armour personnel carriers (APC) from South Africa in 2002 [2]. The available images indicate that these vehicles serve with the Grendarmerie Nationale rather than the regular army.</span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkXKyb2ZOlzNn6-BOWZSRNmyQN_j0CUuYaJ79n84UJ8SxISkAdyWcyFL1M8zDaj9H0ovlUSflOkzTDbpfWkbMZUZ3u_ReMdy3c6Yz0DIOjDqeA_0MgdLE9xKuA_Z6U6MTwhPvEQUIo5tc/s1600/EsotericArmourBlogspot_Mali_RG31NYALA+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="236" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkXKyb2ZOlzNn6-BOWZSRNmyQN_j0CUuYaJ79n84UJ8SxISkAdyWcyFL1M8zDaj9H0ovlUSflOkzTDbpfWkbMZUZ3u_ReMdy3c6Yz0DIOjDqeA_0MgdLE9xKuA_Z6U6MTwhPvEQUIo5tc/s320/EsotericArmourBlogspot_Mali_RG31NYALA+1.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Source: </span></i><span style="display: inline ! important; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 18px; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Mali Gendarmerie<span style="font-size: small;"> </span>[3]</span></i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Note<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>s</i></span>:</b></span></span><br />
<i><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">[1]<span style="font-size: x-small;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;">RG-32 Nyala </span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RG-31_Nyala" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RG-31_Nyala</a><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></span></span></i><i><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span">(accessed 31/01/2013)</span></span></span></span></i></span></span></span></i><br />
<i><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span">[2] </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span">SIPRI Arms Transfers Database </span></span><a href="http://sipri.org/"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span">http://sipri.org</span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span"> (accessed 31/01/2013)</span></span></span></span></i><br />
<i><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span">[3]</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></span></span></span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: xx-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="display: inline ! important; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 18px; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">Mali Gendarmerie </span><a href="http://gendarmerie-mali.org/" target="_blank">http://gendarmerie-mali.org</a> (accessed 31/01/2013)</span></i> </span></span>Mandrakehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03742661426196849195noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8015163065767866975.post-72207250242674609232012-12-30T16:40:00.001+00:002012-12-30T17:19:50.431+00:00Afghanistan Disston Tractor Tank<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWSyGsqXOefhC1_AunS3XB1iXvHiOKww9lvBrlZa9RnPytmFUHNfgJn5J2snKdlEXGdNENGxy5y0_EnPv_SCKwCRlsrF3TXH56xKdS2fNktHnq64iUpiybTfLRedNucNUTaCxuYyHUr8g/s1600/Esoteric+Armour+Blogspot+Afghanistan+Disston+Tractor+Train+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijJTyzCmHfCAjPrIT7hyphenhyphenCGxjFyFi8jaV08VOAyT-4UyTKCKXdct7B8-sNyGEsogfBTYdRe3BiJbcJVPEX6GdKi5pmhqyNH1X-hBet6snJ_zssYOxxAMGI430Pl5U8NPLn0aodESA3Fj_A/s1600/Kingdom+of+Afghanistan+Flag+1931_1973.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijJTyzCmHfCAjPrIT7hyphenhyphenCGxjFyFi8jaV08VOAyT-4UyTKCKXdct7B8-sNyGEsogfBTYdRe3BiJbcJVPEX6GdKi5pmhqyNH1X-hBet6snJ_zssYOxxAMGI430Pl5U8NPLn0aodESA3Fj_A/s320/Kingdom+of+Afghanistan+Flag+1931_1973.png" width="320" /></a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Kingdom of Afghanistan Flag 1930-197<span style="font-size: x-small;">3</span></i></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Development</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">The Disston <span style="font-size: small;">T</span>ractor <span style="font-size: small;">T</span>ank was conceived in the early 1930s
during the Great Depression <span style="font-size: small;">by the Caterpillar <span style="font-size: small;">Tractor Company</span></span>. The concept
was to mount an armoured<span style="font-size: small;"> tank </span>body<span style="font-size: small;"> with</span> armament upon a<span style="font-size: small;">n</span>
agricultural tracked tractor, as opposed to designing and manufacturing a tank
from scratch<span style="font-size: small;">.</span> A Caterpillar model thirty
five [1] provided the base vehicle which was then shipped to the Disston Company <span style="font-size: small;">to fit </span>the armoured tank body and armament. It was later advertised as the <span style="font-size: small;">'</span>Disston Six Ton Tractor Tank<span style="font-size: small;">'</span> and aimed <span style="font-size: small;">at</span> “nations with greatly reduced
appropriations” and police agencies [2]<span style="font-size: small;">.</span> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Early versions of the Disston <span style="font-size: small;">T</span>ank <span style="font-size: small;">T</span>ractor had an extended front track
assembly, a 30 <span style="font-size: small;">caliber</span> Colt machine gun<span style="font-size: small;"> and a</span> turret mounted 37mm cannon<span style="font-size: small;"> a<span style="font-size: small;">long with several gun po<span style="font-size: small;">rts.</span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOsKU6RJtUP2DcOhFMEz_znnIcqSTo8iOLvHwSf5Og1FTY8WpJjf5iUVTyljtS7EtzaZAWupsQl5k43Nkw5Ovs0Y8HqnoqrjOsZTDsnPqIc2psSEDRrhnG_pm7Ke0A13gvaFUqrD49das/s1600/Esoteric+Armour+Blogspot+Afghanistan+Disston+Tractor+Train+10.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="330" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOsKU6RJtUP2DcOhFMEz_znnIcqSTo8iOLvHwSf5Og1FTY8WpJjf5iUVTyljtS7EtzaZAWupsQl5k43Nkw5Ovs0Y8HqnoqrjOsZTDsnPqIc2psSEDRrhnG_pm7Ke0A13gvaFUqrD49das/s400/Esoteric+Armour+Blogspot+Afghanistan+Disston+Tractor+Train+10.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i>Disston Tractor Tank (early version) Source: Authors Collection</i></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Late versions were comparatively simplified. They featured a more basic armoured
body with a front grill and retained the original shorter track assembly.</span><span style="font-size: small;">
Although the armament remained the same, the turret mounting was removed
along with the side gun ports [3]. A 1935 advertisement for this version pitched it as a tractor that when required could be converted into a tank within the space of two hours rather than a permanent tank.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNr4wn_l7X_Xpm6jh-9JITXzfrLyAyNNpokqVUmu0Hxy5-oalSTuqOV12uUpCZvzSOF-zHiN2bGGgDxQcAyUyHgSbtAnBp2WbhOa2D_b0oxtNi9Ez1ppgchSD0e1j5Q3ztxlddEe_Zj5k/s1600/Esoteric+Armour+Blogspot+Afghanistan+Disston+Tractor+Train+8.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="275" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNr4wn_l7X_Xpm6jh-9JITXzfrLyAyNNpokqVUmu0Hxy5-oalSTuqOV12uUpCZvzSOF-zHiN2bGGgDxQcAyUyHgSbtAnBp2WbhOa2D_b0oxtNi9Ez1ppgchSD0e1j5Q3ztxlddEe_Zj5k/s400/Esoteric+Armour+Blogspot+Afghanistan+Disston+Tractor+Train+8.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i>Disston Tractor Tank (late version) Source: Authors Collection</i></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_R7XcqGvoFDeJy8l2Xearhhurx1yFFg7DSc9Ez69msJsQI2JAY9e2xMCr53OWyUkOHBLIaUhj-afgI-QneX1eldtBLaoL7xIH4f6Ib9-h_DsaQgohsrqBAIWnj51yYP74dAWtESSBmC4/s1600/Esoteric+Armour+Blogspot+Afghanistan+Disston+Tractor+Train+11.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="290" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_R7XcqGvoFDeJy8l2Xearhhurx1yFFg7DSc9Ez69msJsQI2JAY9e2xMCr53OWyUkOHBLIaUhj-afgI-QneX1eldtBLaoL7xIH4f6Ib9-h_DsaQgohsrqBAIWnj51yYP74dAWtESSBmC4/s400/Esoteric+Armour+Blogspot+Afghanistan+Disston+Tractor+Train+11.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Disston Tractor Tank (late). Note the additional protection for the main gunner Source: Authors Collection</i></span></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">The total number built of either variant is unclear<span style="font-size: small;">,</span> with the only available estimate indicating 26 units produced overall.
Although the only confirmed operator of th<span style="font-size: small;">e </span>type is Afghanistan the US
Marine Corps are widely reported as having receiving 16 units [4] and one source also indicates
China received four units [5]<span style="font-size: small;">. No further</span> evidence can be found by the author to confirm US or <span style="font-size: small;">Chinese</span> deliveries<span style="font-size: small;">.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>King<span style="font-size: small;">dom of Afghanistan Order</span></b></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">The </span>Kingdom of Afghanistan ordered an unknown number of
early version Disston Tractor Tank in the early 1930s. These were<span style="font-size: small;"> reportedly</span> delivered in 1935, having been
shipped to<span style="font-size: small;"> </span>Karachi, Pakistan and then transferred by rail to Kabul, Afghanistan [6].</span></span></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWSyGsqXOefhC1_AunS3XB1iXvHiOKww9lvBrlZa9RnPytmFUHNfgJn5J2snKdlEXGdNENGxy5y0_EnPv_SCKwCRlsrF3TXH56xKdS2fNktHnq64iUpiybTfLRedNucNUTaCxuYyHUr8g/s1600/Esoteric+Armour+Blogspot+Afghanistan+Disston+Tractor+Train+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="223" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWSyGsqXOefhC1_AunS3XB1iXvHiOKww9lvBrlZa9RnPytmFUHNfgJn5J2snKdlEXGdNENGxy5y0_EnPv_SCKwCRlsrF3TXH56xKdS2fNktHnq64iUpiybTfLRedNucNUTaCxuYyHUr8g/s400/Esoteric+Armour+Blogspot+Afghanistan+Disston+Tractor+Train+1.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Four Disston Tractor Tanks in Afghanistan <span style="line-height: 115%;">The lack of any <span style="font-size: x-small;">armament</span> may indicate that they
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">There is conflicting information regarding the number of Disston
Tractor Tanks ordered and delivered to Afghanistan. One estimate indicates that ten were ordered [7]
with another indicting that ultimately only three were delivered [8]. The latter claim can however be dismissed as a minimum of five can be identified through available photographic evidence. A further source indicates that the order was
in fact for nine complete tanks with a further three armoured tank bodies, all of
which were delivered [9]. </span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUjMh1aLPgfFIuocsJumHK913M2aITYNOfeTW6Y48H7x7MrH8uwUL8lZ-ZHrP5egTxEsWHD9cS26KWndDU4HzbB69JVdTzcwowqbYV47_IPKRI4kX_qnLgoNx83XgunqrpAgIkRfLkSW8/s1600/Esoteric+Armour+Blogspot+Afghanistan+Disston+Tractor+Train+2a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="340" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUjMh1aLPgfFIuocsJumHK913M2aITYNOfeTW6Y48H7x7MrH8uwUL8lZ-ZHrP5egTxEsWHD9cS26KWndDU4HzbB69JVdTzcwowqbYV47_IPKRI4kX_qnLgoNx83XgunqrpAgIkRfLkSW8/s400/Esoteric+Armour+Blogspot+Afghanistan+Disston+Tractor+Train+2a.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr align="center"><td class="tr-caption"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Disston Tractor Tank in Afghanista<span style="font-size: x-small;">n.</span> Source: Author's Collection</span></i></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">Unfortunately</span> there is no information available documenting
the Disston Tractor Tank in service with Afghanistan and it is not known how
long this type remained in active service. </span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Preservation</b> </span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">At least one example was preserved after being withdrawn from service and displayed in a museum in Kabul alongside other historic Afghan<span style="font-size: small;">istan </span>armoured vehicles. Unfortunately
this museum no longer exists and this particu<span style="font-size: small;">lar vehicle is believed to have<span style="font-size: small;"> <span style="font-size: small;">ended up</span></span> in a Kabul scrapyard.</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyYc1SXiDJMFXgPg8dsvXdfp1ytrZ94PovGgAAd24pEFgdFQxW24WmnGD1OdS-MPKA_PRewOvx3IPRT68G_3Wa_XwxiroZJodhZ_apV6FgLMDwh233pCRFq0fg4ESxGFzGpK6iTYMrcN8/s1600/Esoteric+Armour+Blogspot+Afghanistan+Disston+Tractor+Train+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="261" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyYc1SXiDJMFXgPg8dsvXdfp1ytrZ94PovGgAAd24pEFgdFQxW24WmnGD1OdS-MPKA_PRewOvx3IPRT68G_3Wa_XwxiroZJodhZ_apV6FgLMDwh233pCRFq0fg4ESxGFzGpK6iTYMrcN8/s400/Esoteric+Armour+Blogspot+Afghanistan+Disston+Tractor+Train+3.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Source: Author's Collection</span></i></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNJrdPqsSYND7ZndnlWs1ZZPoVfgfeUIPiHawFve9gc1AaR4WuEbh4Rdhq76jX9yyDd5Q2nCe8cJZXn0N7JVkbade-3dc47trlPDUHWXj3tHTZ6n0dBSaxe0-4NOckruWSbAwt9h_-uNY/s1600/Esoteric+Armour+Blogspot+Afghanistan+Disston+Tractor+Train+4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="288" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNJrdPqsSYND7ZndnlWs1ZZPoVfgfeUIPiHawFve9gc1AaR4WuEbh4Rdhq76jX9yyDd5Q2nCe8cJZXn0N7JVkbade-3dc47trlPDUHWXj3tHTZ6n0dBSaxe0-4NOckruWSbAwt9h_-uNY/s400/Esoteric+Armour+Blogspot+Afghanistan+Disston+Tractor+Train+4.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Source: Author's Collection</span></i></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZYD8LxHhbp5vb40F2swpYJvBTKmb-mJkTn0AFSJA3WMhKT1XqFWlizXM0WuDwze_LY9ke13jOVM7eqIHHpO4AQRbtIZHeDK67IZNdXmFx7UgCUvFT_zxh4DOvx-eLCq3quspdLCDA-jo/s1600/Esoteric+Armour+Blogspot+Afghanistan+Disston+Tractor+Train+5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZYD8LxHhbp5vb40F2swpYJvBTKmb-mJkTn0AFSJA3WMhKT1XqFWlizXM0WuDwze_LY9ke13jOVM7eqIHHpO4AQRbtIZHeDK67IZNdXmFx7UgCUvFT_zxh4DOvx-eLCq3quspdLCDA-jo/s400/Esoteric+Armour+Blogspot+Afghanistan+Disston+Tractor+Train+5.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Source: Author's Collection</span></i></span></td></tr>
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<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Th<span style="font-size: small;">e once preserved example</span> features a<span style="font-size: small;"> front grill,<span style="font-size: small;"> though<span style="font-size: small;">t to have</span> been an Af<span style="font-size: small;">ghanistan<span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span>modification. The<span style="font-size: small;"> long barrel<span style="font-size: small;">s of the 37mm <span style="font-size: small;">cannon and machine gun are not <span style="font-size: small;">believed</span> to be <span style="font-size: small;">original and may have been added for display purposes.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>To the Grave</b></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">At least two separate Disston Tractor Tank examples have
been identified as being located in scrapyards or so called tank graveyards in
Kabul.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /><span style="font-size: small;">One example is of particular interest as it lacks the
extended length tracks instead retaining those from the original caterpillar model
also associated with the later version of the Disston Tractor Tank. Whilst it may have been delivered in this
configuration the potential ordering of three additional armoured bodies may
have enabled Afghanistan to convert some Caterpillar Tractors domestically.</span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTisKhob35UQKVRD-g2kE1Aggv4e-H_mRS0TblMD_tpFsxjz3DyMQ_-WgDCNp8T2l8DpTRfsIADcrylFpRRbtHM4BFcFXcwvUQxB0nPriN1CUSJSE_8NoQ37cqj8ccvlDgZRGyKV6Rg8k/s1600/Esoteric+Armour+Blogspot+Afghanistan+Disston+Tractor+Train+6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="215" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTisKhob35UQKVRD-g2kE1Aggv4e-H_mRS0TblMD_tpFsxjz3DyMQ_-WgDCNp8T2l8DpTRfsIADcrylFpRRbtHM4BFcFXcwvUQxB0nPriN1CUSJSE_8NoQ37cqj8ccvlDgZRGyKV6Rg8k/s400/Esoteric+Armour+Blogspot+Afghanistan+Disston+Tractor+Train+6.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i>This example is likely to be the same one previously on display at the museumdue to the similar barrel and side markings. Source: Author's Collection</i></span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglcSO07QIHsAqhf_LUg-iIao0WdsX55p-6OGFBdOcifI-NN_sNZNhQ02XbS37NPBruvdrwxeNgg9Kcp0TnB3FAjlG9qV_2bZIeEz2YNErhWiMPX27D_VC2o9ZR6Zfz9vENutwk65reAyU/s1600/Esoteric+Armour+Blogspot+Afghanistan+Disston+Tractor+Train+7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="271" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglcSO07QIHsAqhf_LUg-iIao0WdsX55p-6OGFBdOcifI-NN_sNZNhQ02XbS37NPBruvdrwxeNgg9Kcp0TnB3FAjlG9qV_2bZIeEz2YNErhWiMPX27D_VC2o9ZR6Zfz9vENutwk65reAyU/s400/Esoteric+Armour+Blogspot+Afghanistan+Disston+Tractor+Train+7.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i>A second example possibly at the same site. Note the original shorter tracks. Source: Author's Collection</i></span></td></tr>
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<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Although the<span style="font-size: small;">ir</span> current status is unknown the<span style="font-size: small;">se</span> two examples are likely to have represented the last remaining Disston Tractor Tanks in the world.</span></span></div>
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<br />
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Notes:</b></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></i></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">[1] Model forty tractors may have also been used, this replacement model entering production in
1934.</span></i></span></div>
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Mandrakehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03742661426196849195noreply@blogger.com29tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8015163065767866975.post-2283396233121830932012-12-27T16:08:00.000+00:002012-12-27T16:10:35.622+00:00Mali PT-76<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i>Source: Associated Press</i></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%;">The photographs in this article show a single Mali PT-76 <span class="st">amphibious light tank [1] reportedly outside the presidential palace in
Mali capital, Bamako, in late March 2012 following a military coup.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%;">There are a number of online references indicating that
Mali had received a small number of PT-76 from an unknown source. These
photographs provided the first pictorial confirmation of this type in Mali.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%;">The author observes that this particular example may
represent an early production PT-76 (mod 1951), based upon the distinctive multi-slotted
muzzle brake and lack of fume extractor on the D-56T 76.2 mm gun barrel. This model was only produced between 1952-1957 and not
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i>Source: Associated Press</i></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">Evidence of markings are visible on the hull sides. Based upon other Mali armoured vehicles these
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i>Source: Associated Press</i></span></td></tr>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Notes:</span></span></b></div>
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</div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[1] PT-76<span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PT-76" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PT-76</a> (accessed 27/12/2012)</span></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">
</span></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[2] Previous known operators are: USSR (including possible
use by successor states), Cuba (including use in Angola), Laos and Cambodia.</span></span></i></div>
<br />
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
Mandrakehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03742661426196849195noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8015163065767866975.post-28502954429598186272012-12-09T16:12:00.000+00:002012-12-09T18:34:40.140+00:00M23 Rebel Group (Democratic Republic of Congo) M53/59 Praga<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">The <span style="font-size: small;">following stills</span> are taken from video footage [1] reportedly showing
M23 forces<span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">[2]</span></span></span> entering the Eastern city of Goma in the Democratic Republic of
Congo (DRC) on 20/11/2012.</span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkVeVjI0rVVlCh3-1bffF-cB9Os2yYVmhZG66ZJHSBanGPCIffKx0PdW0lSuoGR-f9YnHbEg24q2prS6tKFWW_nduEoaBHuFBjWBetgeuHBqAx9wPAyYXfQ4rIye12lQvhXqNZCUzEX6w/s1600/Esoteric_Armour_CongoM23_Praga_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="261" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkVeVjI0rVVlCh3-1bffF-cB9Os2yYVmhZG66ZJHSBanGPCIffKx0PdW0lSuoGR-f9YnHbEg24q2prS6tKFWW_nduEoaBHuFBjWBetgeuHBqAx9wPAyYXfQ4rIye12lQvhXqNZCUzEX6w/s400/Esoteric_Armour_CongoM23_Praga_1.jpg" width="400" /> </a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">The author has identified the <span style="font-size: small;">armoured </span>vehicle shown as a Czechoslovakian
built M53/59 Praga SPAAG (Self-Propelled Anti-Aircraft Gun).<span style="font-size: small;"> It</span> is assessed that in this conflict
this type would be more readily employed against infantry and lightly armoured
vehicles.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">The operation of any armoured vehicles by M23 has not been
widely observed<span style="font-size: small;"> <span style="font-size: small;">and only a single M53/<span style="font-size: small;">5</span>9 P<span style="font-size: small;">raga is evident in the footage.</span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiutXPnAp78cYoDtdJjvmp4DV-iAOCMlq9qzLfQ_iPCJE66k8qQ4t1T4e2of1Jn0cErr39sRkvCFpzi3KJrcSH-4yz7_gWEDiFQ9MrdTMl6PxNlH3JpmjhmldNEFXP3CGiHREl2rs8RunE/s1600/Esoteric_Armour_CongoM23_Praga_3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="190" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiutXPnAp78cYoDtdJjvmp4DV-iAOCMlq9qzLfQ_iPCJE66k8qQ4t1T4e2of1Jn0cErr39sRkvCFpzi3KJrcSH-4yz7_gWEDiFQ9MrdTMl6PxNlH3JpmjhmldNEFXP3CGiHREl2rs8RunE/s400/Esoteric_Armour_CongoM23_Praga_3.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">It is unclear as to how an M53/59 Praga was obtained by M23</span><span style="font-size: small;">. This type was not known to have been operated by DRC Government forces and therefore unlikely to have been captured or subject of defection. A United Nation report </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">[<span style="font-size: small;">3</span>]<span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span>has also indicated
support for M23 from neighbouring Rwanda and Uganda, including the supply of
weapons, though neither country was a known operator of this type<span style="font-size: small;"> [<span style="font-size: small;">4</span>]</span>.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwOqTtoA4hvMKKub4KStuNlYfWEDARHzwMRdKH-PdxCW2KXsl5RXHktNBHNDqvJQWDM0QNV4t7A1JEoKHPqEY4wI0qwwEAZqSlLW57fkTj3D00pDjcR_roSju6wCwX_gNuir7VcqPYUxo/s1600/Esoteric_Armour_CongoM23_Praga_2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="237" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwOqTtoA4hvMKKub4KStuNlYfWEDARHzwMRdKH-PdxCW2KXsl5RXHktNBHNDqvJQWDM0QNV4t7A1JEoKHPqEY4wI0qwwEAZqSlLW57fkTj3D00pDjcR_roSju6wCwX_gNuir7VcqPYUxo/s400/Esoteric_Armour_CongoM23_Praga_2.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Notes:</span></span></b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span></i></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span style="line-height: 115%;">[1]
The original source of this footage is not known but has been syndicated to
several news organisations including IBTime<span style="font-size: x-small;">s</span> <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cqchPEyk_rk">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cqchPEyk_rk</a>
& [UK] Channel 4 News <a href="http://www.channel4.com/news/congo-rebels-claim-control-of-city-as-rwanda-tensions-rise">http://www.channel4.com/news/congo-rebels-claim-control-of-city-as-rwanda-tensions-rise</a>
(both accessed 08/12/2012)</span></i></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span style="line-height: 115%;">[2]
The M23 (Mouvement du 23 Mars/March 23 Movement) is a rebel military group engaged
in armed conflict with the DRC Government in the eastern province of </span></i><i><span style="line-height: 115%;">North Kivu.</span></i><i><span style="line-height: 115%;"> The name M23 refers to a peace accord signed
on 23/03/2009 between the DRC Government and the former rebel group </span></i><i><span style="line-height: 115%;">National Congress for the Defence of the People
(CNDP). M23 was formed in April 2012
following the mutiny of several hundred Government soldiers, </span></i><i><span style="line-height: 115%;">the majority of whom were former members
of CNDP, integrated into DRC army under the peace accord.</span></i></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>[3]<b> </b></i>S/2012/843<i> </i><a href="http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/2012/843"><i>http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/2012/843</i></a><i> (Access</i>ed 08/12/2012)</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[4] Uganda is assessed to be the mo<span style="font-size: x-small;">st</span> <span style="font-size: x-small;">plausible</span> source<span style="font-size: x-small;">;</span> 1) Uganda procured similar era Czechoslovakian armour<span style="font-size: x-small;">ed vehicles</span> (OT-64A) (SIPRI) and <span style="font-size: x-small;"> could have <span style="font-size: x-small;">conceivably </span>received</span> M53/59 <span style="font-size: x-small;">Pragas.<span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span>2</span>) Libya was a known operator the M53/59 Prag<span style="font-size: x-small;">a (SIPRI)</span> and Uganda could have indirectly obtained <span style="font-size: x-small;">some </span>when Libyan forces were deployed in support of Uganda during the war with Tanzania in 1978-79. </span></span><i> </i></div>
Mandrakehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03742661426196849195noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8015163065767866975.post-86934512852103317682012-09-09T18:35:00.002+01:002012-09-09T18:35:33.116+01:00Yemen M60<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_N8zjaZr9h8wf6N5UwIe-fqPwVyOqWo34LBV4bxZCiw9hLKL-t3HfGQJCP2_0DgQosAr6cOJyAyDscFRWEdOhm00W7IyzqEx8tY7-ttbGAuL3-IWfz18tkoDCOXaDR7yfF9pC4hfAmdo/s1600/SYRA0001.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="133" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_N8zjaZr9h8wf6N5UwIe-fqPwVyOqWo34LBV4bxZCiw9hLKL-t3HfGQJCP2_0DgQosAr6cOJyAyDscFRWEdOhm00W7IyzqEx8tY7-ttbGAuL3-IWfz18tkoDCOXaDR7yfF9pC4hfAmdo/s200/SYRA0001.gif" width="200" /></a></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Yemen is believed to operate an unknown number of US made M60 MBTs (Main Battle Tank).</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">There is very limited information available on Yemeni M60. Few references indicate Yemen as an operator of this type, whilst those that do fail to indicate a supplier or reach a consensus on the number received [1]</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The limited number of photographs and video footage available suggest the examples shown to M60A1s, though this is unconfirmed and Yemen may also operate M60A3 [2].</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwjoKk_zlsN3xjPfDWYx0DiIZg72wpBGB4aqpUrideAPwtghV-DQ9eDlmvfDIacq_ArvsN9C3Xyk99MbPzqRUu7yYwChWoP-K1XFibOTVWzH2RYb02zvbqg_kBcM4Y2-4aW3t3XbSmvzQ/s1600/_38182472_tank315.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwjoKk_zlsN3xjPfDWYx0DiIZg72wpBGB4aqpUrideAPwtghV-DQ9eDlmvfDIacq_ArvsN9C3Xyk99MbPzqRUu7yYwChWoP-K1XFibOTVWzH2RYb02zvbqg_kBcM4Y2-4aW3t3XbSmvzQ/s400/_38182472_tank315.jpg" width="400" /></span></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A Yemeni Army M60 as photographed in or prior to 2002. </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Source: BBC</span></i></span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguWV34_oYsI_JF3ZSopw_EE_IWTSMoocIO5MjxC3b4XG0pY2wtq2m_tMzgp1-Ux0mmbDvlGmV_p6lCkUfvQPn4pW1wHHXCOlQRIleomYdMPXb6hvXLXrwXSbFhgVcnS4rWMFBWbI6cRSs/s1600/liveleak.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="158" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguWV34_oYsI_JF3ZSopw_EE_IWTSMoocIO5MjxC3b4XG0pY2wtq2m_tMzgp1-Ux0mmbDvlGmV_p6lCkUfvQPn4pW1wHHXCOlQRIleomYdMPXb6hvXLXrwXSbFhgVcnS4rWMFBWbI6cRSs/s400/liveleak.jpg" width="400" /></span></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Stills from a video clip reportedly showing the capture of a Yemeni Army M60 by the Houthis insurgency group. This video can be dated as being taken between 2004-09[4]. </span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Original Source LiveLeak[5], edited by the Author.</span></i></span></td></tr>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></b></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Notes</span></b></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">[1] "240" Wikipedia (no citation) </span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M60_Patton"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M60_Patton</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> (accessed 08/09/2012) & "64" Army Guide </span></span><a href="http://www.army-guide.com/eng/product475.html"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.army-guide.com/eng/product475.html</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> (accessed 08/09/2012)</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">[2] This is based primarily on absence of the thermal sleeve on the gun barrel associated with the M60A3. The author recognises this may not be a robust indicator and welcomes any further assistance in identifying the variant.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">[3] BBC News </span><a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/2178196.stm"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/2178196.stm</span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> (accessed 08/09/2012)</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">[4] The Houthis armed and intiated the insurgency in North Yemen in late 2004, the video was added to LiveLeak on 22/09/2009.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">[4] LiveLeak </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=4e6_1253651865"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=4e6_1253651865</span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> (accessed 08/09/2012)</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
Mandrakehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03742661426196849195noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8015163065767866975.post-29374085626484942122012-09-09T18:35:00.001+01:002012-09-09T22:52:00.289+01:00Libya M109<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIgXVQNkg8vkQFYtGMeiyhY41qKOgxGmDDewGn_7s2DUSKWZIvSKGXSCgF5MZcskI87rVXwkJ38j6ISOmfvZO_GqJyix1MX_KKMJF1Fp94tOEIh6R6TjIvwZ6-q43GQ_K_YLi0AtMw0H0/s1600/LBYA0001.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="133" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIgXVQNkg8vkQFYtGMeiyhY41qKOgxGmDDewGn_7s2DUSKWZIvSKGXSCgF5MZcskI87rVXwkJ38j6ISOmfvZO_GqJyix1MX_KKMJF1Fp94tOEIh6R6TjIvwZ6-q43GQ_K_YLi0AtMw0H0/s200/LBYA0001.gif" width="200" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In August 2012 photographs emerged online showing US made M109 SPGs (Self Propelled Gun) in Libya.</span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Although absent in the majority of references regarding M109 operators a couple of sources have claimed a small number (12-18) of M109s were delivered to Libya. The pictures confirm those claims, representing the first pictorial evidence of Libyan M109s in the public domain, as far as the author is aware.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtpWS6pnM1QucMcL71mka3NDx4DvyZu4oWbT0VzFHuroT4uEaWDHFNFSUX92iDDQsSaXoKtwYtWzK_eMCLyerxIpVbu6IFaXiA0XISjZQR1rBUE4aEZV8C0PArn3uW67ODkODd0-qYr0s/s1600/305122_431101926939913_1648740905_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtpWS6pnM1QucMcL71mka3NDx4DvyZu4oWbT0VzFHuroT4uEaWDHFNFSUX92iDDQsSaXoKtwYtWzK_eMCLyerxIpVbu6IFaXiA0XISjZQR1rBUE4aEZV8C0PArn3uW67ODkODd0-qYr0s/s400/305122_431101926939913_1648740905_n.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Source:
SSC Tripoli</span></i></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The three photographs used in this article are
all taken from the Facebook profile of the SSC (</span></span><span style="background-color: white;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Supreme Security Committee) Tripoli</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> [1]. They are reportedly
taken around </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tarhuna near Tripoli and related to the capture of a large number of
artillery of various types from
pro-Gaddafi militia [2].</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The photographs show two M109 examples both
representing the initial M109 base variant, identifiable by the original
shorter 22-</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">calibre barrel. This variant
first entered US service in 1963. Later M109A1-A6 and international versions
featured longer barrels along with a host of other improvements.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The
same M109, photographed from a slightly elevated angle. Note the Italian made
Palmaria SPG immediately behind.</span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Source: SSC Tripoli</span></i></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">No further details regarding M109s in Libyan Service, including any potential use in the 2011 Civil War, are currently available. The serviceability of these two examples it also unclear with </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">no
indication that these vehicles have been moved whilst under the control of the
militia. The condition of any other
surviving M109s in Libya also remain unknown.
Despite their apparent age and probable scarcity of spares during the
Gaddafi era the operational readiness of these vehicles prior to the Civil War
should not be discounted, given evidence of other Libyan equipment performing
under similar circumstances [3].</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The logic of retaining and maintaining this
relatively outdated type in such apparently small numbers is questionable,
particularly given that Libya's procurement of more modern SPGs in significant numbers [4].</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Close
up of the second M109. The different
position of the commander’s cupola and closed hatch along with the different
shadows suggest this is a different M109 as the photographs are believed to
have been taken on the same occasion. </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Original
Source: SSC Tripoli, edited by the Author.</span></i></span></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></b>
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<b><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Supplier<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The M109 has been widely exported since
it’s introduction almost half a century ago.
However only those early export customers are believed to have received
this initial base variant with the majority of those later upgrading their examples
to M109A1 standard or above. This suggests that the availability of this
version for export from a third party was soon limited.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">It is therefore the inference of the author
that the USA was the direct supplier, exporting them to Libya between
1963-68. This is based upon the low
probability of a third party supplier and known [5] and suspected [6] export of
arms by the USA to Libya prior to the Gaddafi era. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Notes</span></span></b></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">[1] SSC Tripoli </span></span><a href="http://www.facebook.com/SSCTRIPOLI"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.facebook.com/SSCTRIPOLI</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
(accessed 07/09/2012)<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">[2] Aljazeera </span></span><a href="http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2012/08/201282415813211951.html"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2012/08/201282415813211951.html</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> (accessed 07/09/2012)<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">[3] Libya M113 </span></span><a href="http://esotericarmour.blogspot.co.uk/2011/05/libya-m113.html"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://esotericarmour.blogspot.co.uk/2011/05/libya-m113.html</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
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<span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">[4] 130 x 2S1 GVOZDIKA 122mm (1980-82), 168 x 2S3 Akatsiya 152mm (1980-82), 20-80 x DANA 152mm (1983-84)& 210 x Palmaria 155mm (1982-1985). SIPRI Arms Transfer Database </span></span><a href="http://www.sipri.org/"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.sipri.org</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> (accessed 07/09/2011)<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">[5] </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">SIPRI Arms Transfer Database </span></span><a href="http://www.sipri.org/"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.sipri.org</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> (accessed 07/09/2011)</span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">[6] Libya M113 </span></span><a href="http://esotericarmour.blogspot.co.uk/2011/05/libya-m113.html"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://esotericarmour.blogspot.co.uk/2011/05/libya-m113.html</span></span></a></span><!--EndFragment--><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
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<!--EndFragment-->Mandrakehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03742661426196849195noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8015163065767866975.post-70772316738072233062012-09-09T18:34:00.002+01:002012-09-11T21:51:49.843+01:00Libya ShKH DANA vz.77<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZVj6hbCxQk5p_XdmKsBQpLDKhag1eU53Dv5bI-BefhYZax-34dIgYnbqQcDhXXT5MW4oSvkcBEg2Wg-TnoSM8T-hNRklST70w5n6rBKiulL70fSgHVjTguGOs1qQq9NsXwPkIFX-HNPc/s1600/LBYA0001.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="133" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZVj6hbCxQk5p_XdmKsBQpLDKhag1eU53Dv5bI-BefhYZax-34dIgYnbqQcDhXXT5MW4oSvkcBEg2Wg-TnoSM8T-hNRklST70w5n6rBKiulL70fSgHVjTguGOs1qQq9NsXwPkIFX-HNPc/s200/LBYA0001.gif" width="200" /></a></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Libya received an unknown number of ShKH DANA vz.77 SPGs (Self Propelled Gun) from </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Czechoslovakia between 1983-84 [1]. </span></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Reports of the actual number delivered vary widely from as low as 20 units to over 100 [2]. It is the inference of the author that the true number is likely to be a the lower end of that range [3]. </span></span></span></h3>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><h1 style="line-height: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 2px; text-align: justify;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ShKH DANA vz.77 on parade, date unknown. The yellow emblem on the front identifies this unit as being part of the Libya Army's </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #222222; line-height: 14px;"><i><span style="font-style: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">"Direction of Artillery and Missiles". </span></span></span></span></i></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Source: Author's collection</span></i></span></span></h1>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The history of these units in Libyan service is largely unknown however they are believed to have had played an active role in the later stages of the Libyan-Chad conflict. It is likely they were ordered specifically to support this ongoing campaign of sporadic warfare between 1978-87.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtWUHgyevZblOy-p9hPNgEtTLxpKZmgcML3X0IZXRAsJODGoCPlk-1iY9PNwv7Ur7CpwEy5utgqLk_vbiGq3Hs2HWCL6HQ95V_8iY1FijZfmrrKQvh9qBUIVhIlNv4RMszJQ7nFxj_Lbs/s1600/YouTube.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="205" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtWUHgyevZblOy-p9hPNgEtTLxpKZmgcML3X0IZXRAsJODGoCPlk-1iY9PNwv7Ur7CpwEy5utgqLk_vbiGq3Hs2HWCL6HQ95V_8iY1FijZfmrrKQvh9qBUIVhIlNv4RMszJQ7nFxj_Lbs/s400/YouTube.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><h1 style="line-height: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 2px; text-align: justify;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Video still of ShKH DANA vz.77 on parade in Tripoli during the 1999 celebrations marking 4O years since the military coup led by then Gaddafi. A</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">t least 16 units are belevied to have been paraded. </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Source: YouTube</span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> [4]</span></span></span></h1>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The apparent visual absence of these during the 2011 Libyan Civil War was noted by some observers, with some speculating that they may have been destroyed by early NATO air strikes. Photographs taken in late August 2012 indicate that at least some survived the conflict relatively intact [5]. One could infer that they may have been held back from the front lines due to their potential vulnerability to air strikes.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The photographs below are all taken from the Facebook profile of the SSC (</span></span><span style="background-color: white;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Supreme Security Committee) Tripoli</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> [6]. They are reportedly taken around </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tarhuna near Tripoli, and related to the capture of a large number of artillery of various types from pro-Gaddafi militia [7].</span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEja7QK44j4v5IB7crafgwIZygncEv6QF0FsEq6vfbojNz23pFyu1EHssW-mp7DYAPbsxkRY6NruLQ7PJVxr8v0_fdjkjtUZQKcbM4Qanr_ksckgt_d0VEr3pAVi8GwlSgckVfjRMsJTxxM/s1600/260473_431094240274015_1900328102_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEja7QK44j4v5IB7crafgwIZygncEv6QF0FsEq6vfbojNz23pFyu1EHssW-mp7DYAPbsxkRY6NruLQ7PJVxr8v0_fdjkjtUZQKcbM4Qanr_ksckgt_d0VEr3pAVi8GwlSgckVfjRMsJTxxM/s400/260473_431094240274015_1900328102_n.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Source: SSC Tripoli</span></i></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgp8h6C0w34xAUjZhm3DZMmaIqxXkM74mmskGEp61UK0wN1-kh-SKc3yH5HIfh7oJYcFW2QBbQiAPvNIYjR-F-OcdqovTZyDnUZYS5e7cuHhy66VH22KRYydo-pF8ehOLYSStqfqCt_AM4/s1600/558876_431092396940866_386077724_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgp8h6C0w34xAUjZhm3DZMmaIqxXkM74mmskGEp61UK0wN1-kh-SKc3yH5HIfh7oJYcFW2QBbQiAPvNIYjR-F-OcdqovTZyDnUZYS5e7cuHhy66VH22KRYydo-pF8ehOLYSStqfqCt_AM4/s400/558876_431092396940866_386077724_n.jpg" width="400" /></span></i></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Source: SSC Tripoli</span></i></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjM7yNFrBMcpGdkan99_N7SdpSflJ4SHkYgHTx00e-21U6HjiRYQC1UXz1cTXsjArK-IaebWSgAnIy0QT_Xxhb2W4OBuJtYs8MgefblDMztBkesLyl4b58CNfJoDBDdWzBfH5AEWIEQD4g/s1600/424291_431097136940392_1365672523_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjM7yNFrBMcpGdkan99_N7SdpSflJ4SHkYgHTx00e-21U6HjiRYQC1UXz1cTXsjArK-IaebWSgAnIy0QT_Xxhb2W4OBuJtYs8MgefblDMztBkesLyl4b58CNfJoDBDdWzBfH5AEWIEQD4g/s400/424291_431097136940392_1365672523_n.jpg" width="400" /></span></i></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Source: SSC Tripoli</span></i></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgs58umNVI3qH5z9Kgg836Y_4KCFDQe_0KR77laukntxz39Yg7bZ38HBH0Hf_0W4pme77VDX79JxkBqHQcdN4qEszzj0r6hCt3Dze3OBZMIWG0_ZA8MgV8BvEJQdfGTeGyAsT-T31DqpBA/s1600/547144_431097623607010_2136934597_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgs58umNVI3qH5z9Kgg836Y_4KCFDQe_0KR77laukntxz39Yg7bZ38HBH0Hf_0W4pme77VDX79JxkBqHQcdN4qEszzj0r6hCt3Dze3OBZMIWG0_ZA8MgV8BvEJQdfGTeGyAsT-T31DqpBA/s400/547144_431097623607010_2136934597_n.jpg" width="400" /></span></i></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Source: SSC Tripoli</span></i></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></i></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></i></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></i></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsYin3rw9_ijwu4kikCe23ft5GGJQaOU3gyO9I1HdZw-qXxaSxaL0rg39l65cqBwrUEkkF3i_s_TEvGZBPcI-vH0sjefoHNaPd2NkZPRl3AQgXGjb6VYcZ56cqsHIptV952_jKILERZuo/s1600/523583_431100240273415_255419327_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsYin3rw9_ijwu4kikCe23ft5GGJQaOU3gyO9I1HdZw-qXxaSxaL0rg39l65cqBwrUEkkF3i_s_TEvGZBPcI-vH0sjefoHNaPd2NkZPRl3AQgXGjb6VYcZ56cqsHIptV952_jKILERZuo/s400/523583_431100240273415_255419327_n.jpg" width="400" /></span></i></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Source: SSC Tripoli</span></i></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsVl-7CsHsDyeqKykYsBmBEOToFVRQpdFY6aJB5F-sWKFOsQUo2Iko3wOdQoDbLy0ngoJcEYcEReMv_0ITg48redI-GIWSWg6U7FebtPruLuN0RGnKkrOE_JWw33n5d9ceGuuLxK4og_A/s1600/603438_431100176940088_729326982_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsVl-7CsHsDyeqKykYsBmBEOToFVRQpdFY6aJB5F-sWKFOsQUo2Iko3wOdQoDbLy0ngoJcEYcEReMv_0ITg48redI-GIWSWg6U7FebtPruLuN0RGnKkrOE_JWw33n5d9ceGuuLxK4og_A/s400/603438_431100176940088_729326982_n.jpg" width="400" /></span></i></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Source: SSC Tripoli</span></i></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></i></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuaBBKLbJTS8u8bPZ_g9z0_wI-PrAjyGj4LOxQfe6A7COTppv4xPBL0_7_1rcTR-icuOB8_5ZSaqNjDlKkrBHanc7V5kIOtFqDJq-_GTS95ZYd5z8jf8eAI8WHcdYcXz4WjiWkbW8_9zo/s1600/558222_431100296940076_1249351596_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuaBBKLbJTS8u8bPZ_g9z0_wI-PrAjyGj4LOxQfe6A7COTppv4xPBL0_7_1rcTR-icuOB8_5ZSaqNjDlKkrBHanc7V5kIOtFqDJq-_GTS95ZYd5z8jf8eAI8WHcdYcXz4WjiWkbW8_9zo/s400/558222_431100296940076_1249351596_n.jpg" width="400" /></span></i></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Source: SSC Tripoli</span></i></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></i></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></i></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUgUp88tJVkGCkSaGAygwN_PYqYQATvQWNXn8yBst7yAGb0GBs6Fo9upSb_jAUJHas9mAsTjF9OFImC-D8oA8LrJrfD1vPIwaF74F9A1LWnMFPW98UjiVBGpnwqPTinc0wb_X7gNa74RY/s1600/557273_431099910273448_1493401459_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUgUp88tJVkGCkSaGAygwN_PYqYQATvQWNXn8yBst7yAGb0GBs6Fo9upSb_jAUJHas9mAsTjF9OFImC-D8oA8LrJrfD1vPIwaF74F9A1LWnMFPW98UjiVBGpnwqPTinc0wb_X7gNa74RY/s400/557273_431099910273448_1493401459_n.jpg" width="400" /></span></i></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Source: SSC Tripoli</span></i></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_mT1ns7wu5GcRsGKjMXGFQCm1M8bi8FCh_bajAV04TjtOpgife81hg3dxILwoSOVOUArHR0iTXhcooYHbfvBzY3pDx2ceTZeOpG4zobqQ72z5hKwmW2UZWUgTIugkbhwuy7ZrSNHDh4A/s1600/216095_431099823606790_1096092739_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_mT1ns7wu5GcRsGKjMXGFQCm1M8bi8FCh_bajAV04TjtOpgife81hg3dxILwoSOVOUArHR0iTXhcooYHbfvBzY3pDx2ceTZeOpG4zobqQ72z5hKwmW2UZWUgTIugkbhwuy7ZrSNHDh4A/s400/216095_431099823606790_1096092739_n.jpg" width="400" /></span></i></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Source: SSC Tripoli</span></i></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />
<br />
</span><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Notes </span></b></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
</span><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">[1] </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">SIPRI Arms Transfers Database </span></span><a href="http://sipri.org/"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://sipri.org</span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> (accessed 08/09/2012)</span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">[2] "</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">No.
could be between 20 and 80" SIPRI Arms Transfers Database </span></span><a href="http://sipri.org/"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://sipri.org</span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> (accessed 08/09/2012) & "120" Wikipedia (no citation) </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/152mm_SpGH_DANA"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/152mm_SpGH_DANA</span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> (accessed 08/09/2012)</span></span><br />
<!--StartFragment--><!--EndFragment-->
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">[3] Identified serial numbers are 88100 (unconfirmed), 88105, 88112 and 88116. This low range suggests a low number of units.</span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">[4</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">] YouTube </span></span><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TIGehN-6JgU"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TIGehN-6JgU</span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> (accessed 08/09/2012)</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">[5] Seven different examples have been identifed by the author based on the photographs available.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">[6] SSC Tripoli </span></span><a href="http://www.facebook.com/SSCTRIPOLI"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.facebook.com/SSCTRIPOLI</span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> (accessed 07/09/2012)</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">[7] </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Aljazeera </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2012/08/201282415813211951.html"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2012/08/201282415813211951.html</span></a></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> (accessed 07/09/2012)</span></span>Mandrakehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03742661426196849195noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8015163065767866975.post-46277251952028069282011-11-14T00:50:00.005+00:002012-09-02T19:25:38.645+01:00Another Centurion in Libya<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times;">New i</span>mages have emerged (via militaryphotos.net</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">) showing for the first time non-AVRE type Centurion main battle tanks in service with Libyan National Transitional Army. Analysis also provides further indications that Jordan has supplied armoured vehicles to anti-regime forces during the 2011 Libyan civil war. These new images were reportedly taken in Benghazi in August 2011.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #060809;">The presence of 105mm main gun in the images indicates this is a later variant than the Centurion Mk.3s that Libya received from the UK in the late 1950s. A previous article (</span></span><a href="http://esotericarmour.blogspot.com/2011/09/centurion-105-avre-in-libya.html">Centurion AVRE in Libya</a>) highlighted <span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #060809;">the presence 105 mm Centurion AVRE (Armoured Vehicle Royal Engineers ) in Libya, with Jordan identified as a possible supplier. Whilst AVRE associate features (dozer blade and fascine cradle) may have been removed the presence of large headlight guards would interfere with the operation of these features and therefore this example is not assessed to be another AVRE example.</span></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKnuceIEFORkDf80XcA2K9-RowUHYFUN_PaKDk_pXFvulaj3IxQDPd51EtMCxJK62JsI0mfZuTbhptTnr7em0hCv1e6JcKjSyD4Kd1rXLHoaIMeCOBd7GcHYITBFuUm9sXGuqVMVgHVsI/s1600/CenturionA.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="210" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKnuceIEFORkDf80XcA2K9-RowUHYFUN_PaKDk_pXFvulaj3IxQDPd51EtMCxJK62JsI0mfZuTbhptTnr7em0hCv1e6JcKjSyD4Kd1rXLHoaIMeCOBd7GcHYITBFuUm9sXGuqVMVgHVsI/s400/CenturionA.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #060809;">Jordanian Centurion/Tariq</span></span></span></b><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #060809;"></span></span></span></b><span lang="EN-US">The </span>raised engine deck suggests this example has been upgraded with AVDS-1790 series diesel engine as featured in M60 Patton tanks. This engine upgrade was adopted by several Centurion operators.<br />
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In the case of Jordan, this upgrade when combined with other less obvious ones, created the Tariq variant of the Centurion tank. Jordan completed three hundred Centurion conversions to Tariq standard by the mid 1980s. The distinctive headlight guards seen on this example also appear on the Tariq tank.<br />
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A further upgrade, the Tariq II, was considered for some time, but ultimately the Tariq was replaced by an order for the Challenger 1 tanks from the UK in 1999. Although withdrawn from front line Jordanian service many Tariq hulls went on to be were converted into (Al) Temsah APCs, whilst a small number 105 AVRE (also believed to have been upgraded to Tariq standards) continued to serve in their specialised role.<br />
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However considering the presence of this example, it is possible some Tariqs may have been kept in reserve, possibly to serve as spare parts. The condition of this example which is missing several distinct parts ( including turret stowage boxes and side skirts ), might support this. If these images were taken in August, as suggested, it is likely that they were received at or around the same time as the AVRE(s) which were first spotted operating in September. The images also suggest that this example may have been just delivered; Benghazi being a port town and thus providing the most plausible method of delivery, a flatbed tank transporter is being prepared and also the censored photo opportunity presented, possibly between supplier and recipient.<br />
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<span style="font-size: small;">Of potentially significance are the individals present in the photos, particulary the khaki uniformed man displaying military insignia </span>(on the left in both photos)<span style="font-size: small;">. Although the details of this insignia are unclear the shape and size </span>does appear to potnetial match that of Jordanian Army Officer, most probably of Captain rank.</div>
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Related articles:<br />
<a href="http://esotericarmour.blogspot.com/2011/09/centurion-105-avre-in-libya.html">Centurion AVRE in Libya</a><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: navy;"> </span></span></div>
Mandrakehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03742661426196849195noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8015163065767866975.post-27402838855697601482011-10-17T22:03:00.003+01:002012-09-02T19:24:36.852+01:00Yemen M113<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The government of Yemen received a number of M113 APC via US aid to support internal security and counter terrorist operations. </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">An initial delivery of 32 M113 (versions unknown) occurred in 2006 (SIPRI) as part of a US aid package. Recently leaked diplomatic cables (via Wikileaks) dated late 2008 indicate that the US sought to supply further M113 to Yemen. However due to lack of available US stocks requests were sent out to other M113 operators in the region to check feasibility and availability for third party transfers to Yemen. The outcome of these requests is unknown.<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Some sources suggest that Yemen has been an operator of the M113 in large numbers since the late 1970s, however I cannot verify this.</span></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">2011 (Arab Spring) Uprising<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">In late March 2011 at least three individual M113 were deploying to guard the Yemeni Central Bank in Sana’a to counter protesters.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">These vehicles had a number of apparent modifications. In the rear crew compartment three visor blocks were installed on each side, along with firing ports under them. What appears to be a DSK(M) heavy machine guns has been installed and the associated firing position partial enclosed by protective plating with vision blocks. Razor/Barbed wire also surrounds the top of the vehicles, a feature seen on some other Yemeni army vehicles during the uprising.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">North Yemen Shia Insurgency (2004 -)<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">A number of Yemeni Government M113 have been either captured or destroyed in recent years during the Shia Insurgency in Northern Yemen, led by the Houthis group (Al-Shabab al Mumin)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The following images have captured from three seperate videos (hence the quality) believed taken by the Houthis group:</span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>1.</b></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">A captured M113, possibly a very early production model (thin headlight guard), operated by Houthis fighters in 2008. The banner on the front of the vehicle displays their motto which translates to "</span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> God Is the Greatest. Death to America. Death to Israel, a Curse on the Jews. Victory to Islam</span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> ”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">An immobilised M113 in 2009. Houthis fighters again displaying their motto.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">M113 found by Houthis fighters having captured Yemeni army base in the mountains in September 2009.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">South Yemen insurgency (2009-)<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The Yemeni government has also faced violence a further insurgency in the South, relating to a renewed separatism in the form of the "Southern Movement".</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Reportedly taken in 2011 in the Southern town of Ja’ar this “Northen Yemeni”(assumed Government) M113 is shown after being reportedly being immobilised by RPG rounds, note the destroyed front left hand drive sprocket, road wheels and track. Those personnel alive inside surrendered and the vehicle was then totally destroyed.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Any further information or pictures relating to M113s in Yemen would be greatly appreciated.</span></b></div>
Mandrakehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03742661426196849195noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8015163065767866975.post-45837575943134051442011-10-06T23:26:00.001+01:002012-09-02T19:23:30.794+01:00Libya Khrizantema-S<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7UJS_GySlaGiEl48KO4ySPmlsYhKj7dsUNGQ4027r9oI5EuZlZu0ksck3cIZMSOZ-AaXmZkHiRZadta5orHgefRF-svbW_hAM3k0l2cNOMJb4Oby1Iy027AN3aiYaivAWQ0sSRMfzuEs/s1600/ATM1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><b><img border="0" height="205" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7UJS_GySlaGiEl48KO4ySPmlsYhKj7dsUNGQ4027r9oI5EuZlZu0ksck3cIZMSOZ-AaXmZkHiRZadta5orHgefRF-svbW_hAM3k0l2cNOMJb4Oby1Iy027AN3aiYaivAWQ0sSRMfzuEs/s400/ATM1.jpg" width="400" /></b></span></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-style: italic;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">"National Transitional Council fighters fire against troops loyal to Moamer Kadhafi as they close in on the town of Sirte on October 05, 2011."</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">A number of photographs reportedly showing anti-Gadaffi forces on 05/10/2011 on the frontline near Sirte show them in possession of a state of the art Khrizantema-S tank destroyer. This is thought to be one of only three examples delivered to the Libyan Army by Russia prior to the civil war and subsequent UN arms embargo.</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The Khrizantema-S is based around the </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">9K123 missile system which is mounted on a modified BMP-3 chassis. The main element of this system is </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">9M123</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">/</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">AT-15 Springer missile. variants of this missile are either laser or radar guided, contain either a tandem HEAT warhead (to counteract tank slat or [explosive] reactive armour) or a </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">thermobaric warhead for unarmoured targets. This system represents one of the most advanced and capable anti tank systems in operation. It was due to enter service production in 2003/2004 for the Russian Army, however few if any are believed to be in operational service. Libya is the only known export customer and even this was not known about until recently.</span></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">A useful video demonstrating a [Russian operated]] Khrizantema-S in action, including the various elements being deployed can be found </span><a href="http://wn.com/Khrizantema"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">here</span></a><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjq7_ZczLSoktjePwXXHaJSaW9DDWC6PfCG5cFmXU2o6g_5sxPYY0fBMRveyBuiM81es6j3yn21fnev63aLekVinF5EaVAiTnYiDdEhjtQlxMZUDyhTrz8EHK6ikXdOcRfN0bB_4-BrvJ0/s1600/ATM2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjq7_ZczLSoktjePwXXHaJSaW9DDWC6PfCG5cFmXU2o6g_5sxPYY0fBMRveyBuiM81es6j3yn21fnev63aLekVinF5EaVAiTnYiDdEhjtQlxMZUDyhTrz8EHK6ikXdOcRfN0bB_4-BrvJ0/s400/ATM2.jpg" width="400" /></b></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><i>The lack of deployed radar might suggest that this missile is being laser guided via a unit on the front of the vehicle, which in the majority of photos appears to be deployed. However it is worth considering that an unexperienced operator would or could fire it unguided.</i></span></span></td></tr>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">In 2009/2010 Russia and Libya agreed a large arms deal, reportedly worth $1.8million (USD). The exact types and quantities are not fully know although a number of anti-ship missiles and advanced Yak-130 jet trainer/light attack aircraft were believed to be included (SIPRI). However this lone vehicles is the only clear visual evidence of any modern equipment being actually by Russia delivered prior to the conflict, although smaller arms and ammunition may of gone unnoticed.</span></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Last month a Russian media source reported that three </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Khrizantema-S had been delivered to Libya (</span><a href="http://www.kommersant.ru/doc/1770599/print"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Когда говорят премьеры, пушки молчат</span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> / </span><a href="http://babelfish.yahoo.com/translate_url?doit=done&tt=url&intl=1&fr=bf-home&trurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kommersant.ru%2Fdoc%2F1770599%2Fprint&lp=ru_en&btnTrUrl=Translate"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">English Translation</span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">). It is unknown how many more were due to be delivered or the fate of the other two units. Furthermore it is not certain if this vehicle was captured at some other time or place or during the advance to Sirte. In the case of the latter, it could indicate that loyalist forces have managed to retain/kept back some of their more potent and advanced weaponry.</span><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">A T-55 tank firing its main gun with the front of the </span></span></i><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Khrizantema-S visible in the foreground</span></span></i><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b> </b></span></i></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKf65WWiO5hkjM0OC8AqCvHUWWb_bwKv7Z8f3i_sVDzXhZHbfXWAl9Tu4t9Jawc0ViCC_61TDI6SsEjbMiGVEclIxdItYJivOR_5ZDdOeDS7XzlUOEnx_avJXTLsrVJjAm64NrKkTJwCM/s1600/ATM5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b><img border="0" height="207" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKf65WWiO5hkjM0OC8AqCvHUWWb_bwKv7Z8f3i_sVDzXhZHbfXWAl9Tu4t9Jawc0ViCC_61TDI6SsEjbMiGVEclIxdItYJivOR_5ZDdOeDS7XzlUOEnx_avJXTLsrVJjAm64NrKkTJwCM/s400/ATM5.jpg" width="400" /></b></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Note that the absence of the missile mounts in this picture is due to the systems retraction and housing within the chassis when not in use or for the purposes of automatic reloading.</span></i></span></td></tr>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Whilst this system provides anti-Gadaffi forces the means to disable any remaining loyalist armour over a long range in open terrain, it is unclear if they appreciate what they have captured or if they have either the technical ability and/or missile rounds available to deploy it to any great effect.</span><br />
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</b></span>Mandrakehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03742661426196849195noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8015163065767866975.post-69201110328322340462011-09-29T22:55:00.002+01:002012-09-02T19:22:10.476+01:00Centurion AVRE in Libya<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #060809;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif;">Recent images from Libya appear to show a Centurion 105 AVRE tank in service with Anti-Gadhaffi forces.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitUnNoee3VWkkrr9Q6AtT7Lr6ZMjZntvRS492SxDSjvZuZT88zKddpuJkFbzRS1LjwlRdv05nD2ijbTIvSMlsLk3kpB2g0Ci2RkhBpdzM9UpsEoBNNqEpc8-k5vi_OBcdhdTXCmJI8Elg/s1600/Cent.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif;"><img border="0" height="257" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitUnNoee3VWkkrr9Q6AtT7Lr6ZMjZntvRS492SxDSjvZuZT88zKddpuJkFbzRS1LjwlRdv05nD2ijbTIvSMlsLk3kpB2g0Ci2RkhBpdzM9UpsEoBNNqEpc8-k5vi_OBcdhdTXCmJI8Elg/s400/Cent.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #060809;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Centurion Tank in El Khanfousa 08/09/2011 (Source: Reuters)</i></span></span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #060809; font-family: Arial; font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif;"> </span></span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #060809; font-family: Arial; font-size: large;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #060809;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif;">Libya reported received ten Centurion Mk.3 tanks from UK in 1957 (SIPRI). However the photograph clearly shows the presence of the 105mm main gun, which was only fitted as standard to the Mk.5/2 variant and beyond. SIPRI has been known to make errors regarding Centurion versions in the past, however in the absence of any historic imagery of Libyan Centurions I am unable to verify this. <i> (There are historic images of British army Centurions operating in Libya, which should not be confused for actually Libyan army Centurions)</i><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #060809; font-family: Arial; font-size: large;"><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #060809; font-family: Arial; font-size: large;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #060809;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif;">What is apparent is that the Libyan example(s) is an </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif;">engineer support version, or AVRE (Armoured Vehicle Royal Engineers) as it was known in British Service. At the front is a hydraulically operated multi purpose dozer blade with a </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif;">fascine cradle mounted just above it <i>(fascine being a bundle of branches or piping often used to bridge a void such as a trench of stream)</i>. The majority of British Centurion AVREs were also fitted with a 165mm main gun for demolition purposes and not designed to engage enemy armour. However in order to meet demand some frontline Centurions were retro fitted the dozer blade and cradle whilst retaining their standard 105mm gun, sometimes referred to as 105 AVREs. The pictures available would suggest one of those conversions.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2XHGi9pSUQo8doSx0gGMwKB9nM1qsYsIsKoQTb4X_746yt5gUtIByfJKm6g8n0JYio86AXsnh17KtguQyA746dT61ME33J3pJIJGkX9H0RDq7emm73Nejse-wH-qtGSCwnfXPg6Au0Q4/s1600/cent+bbc.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2XHGi9pSUQo8doSx0gGMwKB9nM1qsYsIsKoQTb4X_746yt5gUtIByfJKm6g8n0JYio86AXsnh17KtguQyA746dT61ME33J3pJIJGkX9H0RDq7emm73Nejse-wH-qtGSCwnfXPg6Au0Q4/s400/cent+bbc.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif;">(Source: BBC)</span></i></td></tr>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #060809; font-family: Arial; font-size: large;"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif;">Whilst Centurions AVREs were exported in small numbers to several countries, it is unclear which received the 105 AVRE variant. The possibility that further conversions occurred specifically for export customers should also be considered.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #060809; font-family: Arial; font-size: large;"><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #060809; font-family: Arial; font-size: large;"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif;">However due to the long running arms embargo against Libya it seems highly unlikely that this example(s) was exported to the previous Libyan state by the UK, especially given what appears to be a later version of the dozer blade mounted.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #060809; font-family: Arial; font-size: large;"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif;">Therefore this example(s) was probably supplied direct to Anti-Gadhaffi forces in recent months. </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #060809;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif;">Some observers have suggested that they might be of Jordanian origin, with Jordan believed to be one of the many countries providing equipment to Anti-Gadhaffi forces as well as a long standing operator of the Centurion. </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: small;">Jordan is reported to have received a total of 355 Centurion tanks over the years (SIPRI), including a dozen Centurion AVREs in 1972, believed to be ex British army examples.</span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #060809; font-family: Arial; font-size: large;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #060809;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif;"><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #060809; font-family: Arial; font-size: large;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #060809;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif;">The photo below shows two Jordanian 105 AVREs (or similar) during a recent parade, which clearly shows the similarities to the Libyan example. <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #060809; font-family: Arial; font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiw5_dElaX2SSvcrqmChX5pXaiCHVOLZRQHHRvkP-b3YNhMh-MFig3BplSy1lVtYx4rB-qdeAPT4EtQ9edI2OmZk4IlvnFiMiljTIDUk7vADDcN-6qgQh6cbd34A-M96RHCdVOtCkqMssw/s1600/Jordanian+army+Centurion+tank.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif;"><img border="0" height="310" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiw5_dElaX2SSvcrqmChX5pXaiCHVOLZRQHHRvkP-b3YNhMh-MFig3BplSy1lVtYx4rB-qdeAPT4EtQ9edI2OmZk4IlvnFiMiljTIDUk7vADDcN-6qgQh6cbd34A-M96RHCdVOtCkqMssw/s400/Jordanian+army+Centurion+tank.jpg" width="400" /></span></span></a></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #060809; font-family: Arial; font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif;"><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #060809; font-family: Arial; font-size: large;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #060809;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif;">Please note that I am not indicating that Jordan is definitely the supplier, simply that the suggestions made by others is plausible.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"> </span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"> Related Articles:</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://esotericarmour.blogspot.com/2011/11/another-centurion-in-libya.html">Another Centurion in Libya</a></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #060809; font-family: Arial; font-size: large;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #060809;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif;"><b></b></span></span><o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #060809; font-family: Arial; font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 17px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 17px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 17px;"> </span></span>Mandrakehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03742661426196849195noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8015163065767866975.post-64503487742339653712011-09-25T18:26:00.002+01:002012-09-02T19:19:42.214+01:00Ugandan M4A1(76)W / M1 Sherman<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/flags/countrys/zzzflags/ugsmall.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/flags/countrys/zzzflags/ugsmall.gif" /></a></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghRSXC5lw0x0bss02jaEymilUs7jAs9kTxgFpuKelYE-t7NPeylT4qy_1sAV1vyXWrk4qm03HNhyBxAOg_AkauH3eluz2rSljNNwxNdk8gr54i5cHRE18npvr_kb4nzGq7s1Rw7ntTHN0/s1600/UgSherman2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="247" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghRSXC5lw0x0bss02jaEymilUs7jAs9kTxgFpuKelYE-t7NPeylT4qy_1sAV1vyXWrk4qm03HNhyBxAOg_AkauH3eluz2rSljNNwxNdk8gr54i5cHRE18npvr_kb4nzGq7s1Rw7ntTHN0/s400/UgSherman2.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Ugandan Shermans on parade, date and location unknown.</i></span></td></tr>
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In the 1960s Israel and Uganda developed a brief but surprisingly close relationship. Uganda’s location was of value to Israel due to its border with Sudan, an opponent of Israel having sent troops to fight against it during the 1948 war of Independence. Access to the southern Sudanese border provided Israel a supply route to aid the separatist Southern Sudanese liberation movement and undermine the ruling government. In return Uganda benefited from Israeli expertise and aid. This included military advisers and some military equipment.<br />
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In 1969 Israel agreed to supply Uganda with 12 WWII era Sherman tanks which were delivered the following year (SIPRI). These are believed to be the first <span style="font-size: small;">tanks ever in Ugandan military service. </span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;">These were all believed to be the M4A1(76)W variant of the Sherman. Some of these examples had the early suspension (VVSS), whilst others featured the later suspension with wider tracks (</span><span style="font-size: small;">HVSS)</span><span style="font-size: small;">. In Israeli Defence Force service these would have been collectively known under the designated M1, presumably in reference to the 76mm M1 main gun. By the late 1960s these M1s had received some minor Israeli modifications, primarily in the form of turret additions. These included two pairs of smoke dischargers, a search light mounted on the gun mantle and spare track links. The search light does not however appear to of been fitted to Ugandan examples, though the mounting brackets remain.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGzvQaEavxBYOlEkZyP1kALWyVapMJid9aAk5UvYYhZ0iYjhGjMn-9mVtsMKd8lEIoIPmSCCh6DceW6fIdOk8D7EU_Efymh1Kwe-TLC5kPOGcrQReX5TWGgwOpHV69sAtzlRT0YGUbCVw/s1600/UgSherman1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="273" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGzvQaEavxBYOlEkZyP1kALWyVapMJid9aAk5UvYYhZ0iYjhGjMn-9mVtsMKd8lEIoIPmSCCh6DceW6fIdOk8D7EU_Efymh1Kwe-TLC5kPOGcrQReX5TWGgwOpHV69sAtzlRT0YGUbCVw/s400/UgSherman1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt;"></span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Within a year of the tanks being delivered Idi Amin seized power in a military coup, the role of the Shermans in this action is unknown. Although relations with Israel initially remained relatively positive, Idi Amin went onto expelled the Israeli military advisers in 1972. Some sources suggest this was in direct response to an Israeli refusal for either economic aid or military supplies. After this Idi Amin became openly hostile to Israel, providing troops to support Egypt and financial aid to other Arab states during the 1973 Yom Kippur war. The infamous 1976 Operation Entebbe raid would cement the end of Israeli-Ugandan relations for the remainder of Idi Amin’s reign.</span></div>
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<b>1974 Footage</b><br />
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The following series of video captures are taken from 1974 French documentary on Idi Amin. During this scene he describes how he would retake the Golan Heights from Israel.<br />
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This rare footage provides the only colour images of Ugandan Shermans in actual operational service. They clearly show an overall dark green, perhaps even a bronze green, paint scheme. Registration numbers appear in white on a black rectangular background and are located centrally on the front and back of the vehicle. Large painted squares/rectangles split diagonally into green and red are also present on several locations and may represent unit markings.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi82MFEGuKDWkqCRsxvatCoOuT-A7accD5eWvs6NAbpPIhFLM-uIlVPFarUid529z3OTrJqtKzvBzIDfef5lnEyfJKXZJ5PP31UT4MlxEZIrXtEas7je1SAFDmHDkGt7FvijgMO1NV_N6A/s1600/UgSherman3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="343" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi82MFEGuKDWkqCRsxvatCoOuT-A7accD5eWvs6NAbpPIhFLM-uIlVPFarUid529z3OTrJqtKzvBzIDfef5lnEyfJKXZJ5PP31UT4MlxEZIrXtEas7je1SAFDmHDkGt7FvijgMO1NV_N6A/s400/UgSherman3.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: x-small;">Idi Amin (top left)</span></i> </td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMkB8dyYaN78mID2jYYYM8uBKCTJ2A8UsLl9bwVG3GgJc6audjVIOaFanYRrpeDbuDQwV1UY5C38DDBfkC8JnyWL9dhQA8-_YEKWIyweW9F7ZE_2PdHB_NodJdW6zFHL3JMq3fZxJxSR4/s1600/UgSherman4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="306" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMkB8dyYaN78mID2jYYYM8uBKCTJ2A8UsLl9bwVG3GgJc6audjVIOaFanYRrpeDbuDQwV1UY5C38DDBfkC8JnyWL9dhQA8-_YEKWIyweW9F7ZE_2PdHB_NodJdW6zFHL3JMq3fZxJxSR4/s400/UgSherman4.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Close up of the left side of the turret and Idi Amin (left). Clearly visible is the Browning M2 .50 caliber machine gun and spare track links. The smoke dischargers are believed to be of French origin and look identical to those on AMX-13, which Israel also operated. Note also the addition of a more modern radio antenna.</i></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZc4o-mcbXLqa_GqAq3llTuas_lGG39HGuAOoon2mAM1ZPSzidqNP1WdJMagxYUz1WqTe5h7a0yBiIUEqwIrDzz5qwwv1NfQxggzNJHzLXREh2LHSLtCIde4PARQuYtIRbSUTsoGoPMU4/s1600/UgSherman5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZc4o-mcbXLqa_GqAq3llTuas_lGG39HGuAOoon2mAM1ZPSzidqNP1WdJMagxYUz1WqTe5h7a0yBiIUEqwIrDzz5qwwv1NfQxggzNJHzLXREh2LHSLtCIde4PARQuYtIRbSUTsoGoPMU4/s400/UgSherman5.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-F8VdL40SnsSAeacxb-WmK3nZ1z4WzHA-1sfxiaUbpJMlo4wmOozpPt5C-x2LjfiyEilwj7BH2W1thPRCidYbsh9DkCg8ByoedDAsJBRhGpi1oUA0pHlO9fczAzTVa9VvqW-bE3-bByA/s1600/UgSherman6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="295" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-F8VdL40SnsSAeacxb-WmK3nZ1z4WzHA-1sfxiaUbpJMlo4wmOozpPt5C-x2LjfiyEilwj7BH2W1thPRCidYbsh9DkCg8ByoedDAsJBRhGpi1oUA0pHlO9fczAzTVa9VvqW-bE3-bByA/s400/UgSherman6.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
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<i><span style="font-size: x-small;">The rear view of the vehicle shows an unknown marking on the right fender, possible a further unit badge or insignia.</span></i></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5zDIRe9l_V__t_Ejh49KgZq4wNNt4saNjrdso47Y3IrnY2XAGp_qIMfhj0QMUXEFCuNJvoRTS6OymwgAjDvDhcM1wovnaRa-wt3_GqEhbn_5dTLHZi70kdStolF5FC0sdKFeMkTubo9Y/s1600/UgSherman7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="192" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5zDIRe9l_V__t_Ejh49KgZq4wNNt4saNjrdso47Y3IrnY2XAGp_qIMfhj0QMUXEFCuNJvoRTS6OymwgAjDvDhcM1wovnaRa-wt3_GqEhbn_5dTLHZi70kdStolF5FC0sdKFeMkTubo9Y/s400/UgSherman7.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
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<i><span style="font-size: x-small;">A different example with HVSS and wider tracks. Two spare track links are also visible on the side of the hull.</span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><b style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Retirement</b></div>
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There is limited information about the operational history of Ugandan Shermans and it is unknown when they were withdrawn from service. It is believed that at least some were involved in 1979 Uganda-Tanzania War also known as Liberation War, where Tanzanian forces and Libya exiles removed Amin from power. Some derelict example(s) seen on the roadside near the capital Kampala are reportedly from this conflict.</div>
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Additional it should be remembered that these were already old vehicles when they entered Ugandan service, therefore maintenance and spares may have reduced serviceability. Additionally although these may have been Uganda’s first tanks they were not to be their last. Following the deterioration of relations with Israel, Uganda switched suppliers receiving more modern tanks such as 50 PT-76 light amphibious tanks and 16 T-54 main battle tanks between 1974-75 from the USSR. A small number (~ten) of WWII era T-34/85 were also delivered, probably from Libya (SIPRI). Other armoured vehicles were procured during this period. </div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_WypNmLIKc2Dn_4s7wkSOFxcsGH-RmdVnlRjTRJ6iRXhDC8p2T8Ioxxx_zUPCqPx8gW-_Za1ySnMBNLeIEZTB5FSbV-M282Q5xalBCwvml92MnS5dJA5y_posE7bpUR7oQ2FAfN-58EM/s1600/P02021.002+Kampala+Uganda+1983+Commonwealth+Military+training+team.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="261" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_WypNmLIKc2Dn_4s7wkSOFxcsGH-RmdVnlRjTRJ6iRXhDC8p2T8Ioxxx_zUPCqPx8gW-_Za1ySnMBNLeIEZTB5FSbV-M282Q5xalBCwvml92MnS5dJA5y_posE7bpUR7oQ2FAfN-58EM/s400/P02021.002+Kampala+Uganda+1983+Commonwealth+Military+training+team.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
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<i><span style="font-size: x-small;">An Australian serviceman, part of the Commonwealth military training team stands infront of seemingly out of service HVSS Sherman in Kampala 1983.</span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: x-small;">(Source http://www.awm.gov.au)</span></i></div>
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The following two photographs were taken by David Blumenkrantz (<a href="http://www.daveblumenkrantz.com/">http://www.daveblumenkrantz.com</a>) and used with his permission. Taken in 1987 they show a derelict HVSS Sherman on a road North of Kampala. Although in black and white there is some evidence to suggest a two tone disruptive camouflage scheme, although this could be result of exposure to the elements or some creative post service painting by locals. Unfortunately there are no colour originals and the photographer cannot recall the what colour(s) it was painted.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEim1V8JXEBf7srtTgqeMPWcVBSjPPxo67krDqDVy-CXcUedEO5Rf2vXAAavhakW7VdZdMRo-g2NM9Nmmrvy9wEu9rf3sCnb1kS5eL4CN0EPVnzzTNWPYB8tgo3aRUokxtx-ppM0LpG5zas/s1600/David.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="251" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEim1V8JXEBf7srtTgqeMPWcVBSjPPxo67krDqDVy-CXcUedEO5Rf2vXAAavhakW7VdZdMRo-g2NM9Nmmrvy9wEu9rf3sCnb1kS5eL4CN0EPVnzzTNWPYB8tgo3aRUokxtx-ppM0LpG5zas/s400/David.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
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<i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Copyright David Blumenkrantz (<a href="http://www.daveblumenkrantz.com/">http://www.daveblumenkrantz.com</a>)</span></i></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgazQ-EfyT7MJQhSSs5veyrR2sI-DfhAoTF_iW44dPAp3CHwx4xw4Y6Jz7IIcVhpdBCfv-p786DXWyyIrWOH7RWoDh9bUIHOb8MA48jGfo1JXXq9tC3B5Bl5BGpf8fIsvxS2W2JW3nFtE4/s1600/David+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="247" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgazQ-EfyT7MJQhSSs5veyrR2sI-DfhAoTF_iW44dPAp3CHwx4xw4Y6Jz7IIcVhpdBCfv-p786DXWyyIrWOH7RWoDh9bUIHOb8MA48jGfo1JXXq9tC3B5Bl5BGpf8fIsvxS2W2JW3nFtE4/s400/David+1.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
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<i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Copyright David Blumenkrantz (<a href="http://www.daveblumenkrantz.com/">http://www.daveblumenkrantz.com</a>)</span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">The next two images appear to show the same derelict example as before, albeit later than David’s 1987 captures. Although there are some inconsistencies between the images the elapsed time might account for such changes.</span> </div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><b>Any further information regarding Ugandan Shermans would be greatly appreciated.</b></span></div>
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Mandrakehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03742661426196849195noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8015163065767866975.post-7149330277752063952011-08-27T01:16:00.005+01:002012-09-02T19:18:35.115+01:00Libya (National Liberation Army) M577 Command Vehicle<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCBi-FcpEXrAJBpLpX7a3Ep4JROUwzLFUh9YtL650CcIXazie_s5pFAoOt5rn-br4uN10TCFT-o2fu8vMMYggChMGycAk8qpGyhnNgtNU9KOkMnP_re9ZR_flXFOD1j1cfu71XgrcJSzE/s1600/Libya+NTC+1.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCBi-FcpEXrAJBpLpX7a3Ep4JROUwzLFUh9YtL650CcIXazie_s5pFAoOt5rn-br4uN10TCFT-o2fu8vMMYggChMGycAk8qpGyhnNgtNU9KOkMnP_re9ZR_flXFOD1j1cfu71XgrcJSzE/s1600/Libya+NTC+1.bmp" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">A photograph has recently emerged from Libya showing a modified M577 command vehicle operated by National Liberation Army/Rebel forces. The date and location are unstated although judging from the time of circulation it may relate to the battle for Tripoli.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaqFItuZcvj1r0ljE4NQGL4NOMQEwy9xQXx9ATRBiu5LbwjLW2D-1O8w7S2zjhyphenhyphensV-ZXfRKPf6yOaS7iPFQ1LXPq_6wO41CkNr9EXF5hCBsI5tVuqWPjH3VqwSGJc7R0XVD4yGkkfT3gY/s1600/Libyam577.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="257" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaqFItuZcvj1r0ljE4NQGL4NOMQEwy9xQXx9ATRBiu5LbwjLW2D-1O8w7S2zjhyphenhyphensV-ZXfRKPf6yOaS7iPFQ1LXPq_6wO41CkNr9EXF5hCBsI5tVuqWPjH3VqwSGJc7R0XVD4yGkkfT3gY/s400/Libyam577.jpg" width="400" /></a> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">The M577 is a [tactical] command vehicle based on the M113 APC and easily identified by the heightened crew compartment.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">The presence of an M577 in Libya is somewhat of a revelation as it was never a known operator of this specific type. However Libya was known to be a user of the base M113 APC as discussed in this earlier article: <a href="http://esotericarmour.blogspot.com/2011/05/libya-m113.html">http://esotericarmour.blogspot.com/2011/05/libya-m113.html</a> </span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;">Analysis of the image also suggests that this is a very early M577. This conclusion based upon the thinner headlight guard and the visible weld seams where the chassis has been modified. This would support the idea that it was probably imported from the US at the same time as the M113s. However it remains unknown how many examples were received or how many were still operational when the civil war broke out.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">The circumstances of the capture of this vehicle are also unclear, although some M113s were known to of seized relatively early on in the conflict their serviceability was questionable and there was no evidence that they were ever put into rebel service.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;">This M577 has been modified by it’s new operators by adding a turret from a BMP-1, housing a 73 mm 2A28 ‘Grom’ low pressure smoothbore semi-automatic gun. It is unknown if the turret has been simply welded in place or the turret ring fitting to allow it to be traversed (turned) manually.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;">The most obvious place for it to be fitted would be above the commanders hatch allowing access and operation of the gun from beneath as designed. It should be noted that this hatch aperture is quite far forward on the vehicle roof so some further modification to accommodate the turret may be required. However even if the turret/gun is not fully functional its visible addition to a relatively lightly armoured and armed vehicle such as the M577 could act as a valuable deterrent.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;">The vehicle has also received a rather unsubtle new paint scheme replicating the flag adopted by the National Transitional Council, which itself is a resurrection of the flag used by the Kingdom of Libya between 1951-1969, prior to the coup that saw Gaddafi come to power.</span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: small;">Any further information or photographs regarding this or other M577s in Libya would be greatly appreciated as would a translation of the Arabic text on the side of the vehicle.</span></b></div>
Mandrakehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03742661426196849195noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8015163065767866975.post-7583709549497511372011-08-09T23:15:00.008+01:002014-01-09T00:43:03.018+00:00Libya (National Liberation Army) / Qatar Ratel 20<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjB8nW1Kds185L8UzaVQCehAP0JxzE1dF1ZBZvDlO2czxnoo4FOzm4ezcoW8d2gBAPGRFaXJZlkizLu6mZRgzP0dPBcjkspXJohXsFqjWPq2n8wChGXBag9bJhcBvGtIR1_cdtIp-Ho0Wk/s1600/LIB+REB+%2526+QATAR1.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjB8nW1Kds185L8UzaVQCehAP0JxzE1dF1ZBZvDlO2czxnoo4FOzm4ezcoW8d2gBAPGRFaXJZlkizLu6mZRgzP0dPBcjkspXJohXsFqjWPq2n8wChGXBag9bJhcBvGtIR1_cdtIp-Ho0Wk/s320/LIB+REB+%2526+QATAR1.bmp" height="81" width="320" /> </a></div>
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Footage reportedly taken on 31/07/2011 in Benghazi was recently broadcast by an unknown television station and shows a Ratel 20 IFV (Infantry Fighting Vehicle) operating in Libya. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDf7kQkQhnKedcPgyy3TsUa1MfwFVa0xvhi4IJlLr6eotOv8xlu5O_vwySAyTOaLihtJKE2mTpanTNwEJsm92iraPVoCf8JG81SualbQ-R9CoYk9oWZZ-X1Kg9wengCJhVJb0Y8_GMQF0/s1600/EsotericArmourQatarLibyaRatel2.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDf7kQkQhnKedcPgyy3TsUa1MfwFVa0xvhi4IJlLr6eotOv8xlu5O_vwySAyTOaLihtJKE2mTpanTNwEJsm92iraPVoCf8JG81SualbQ-R9CoYk9oWZZ-X1Kg9wengCJhVJb0Y8_GMQF0/s400/EsotericArmourQatarLibyaRatel2.bmp" height="313" width="400" /></a></div>
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Libya was not known to be an operator of the South African made Ratel 20 and it was quickly noted on the discussion forums of <cite><span style="font-style: normal;">www.militaryphotos.net that this vehicle had the flag of Qatar painted on the side. Qatar was also not thought to be an operator of this type, although South African arms export customers are not always openly disclosed.</span></cite></div>
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Some observers have interpreted this footage as evidence that Qatar has deployed forces on the ground in support of the National Liberation Army (rebels) . However upon closer inspection of the footage I have identified the additional presence of the National Liberation Army/National Transitional Council flag which suggests Qatar were likely the suppliers rather than the current operators.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPTYhkhO_bbdffhsFTUa7BGYvNiHSpPTBGdrVjub8cmUPGVH30IlDCN-OtDygMjcEg1YEFXnv6fPoU0yvLNug8qH5Wex3yFHAipKrZN-SJQf5MOgP-nsvmSoAY6pg231JGHo6IWHBIC1o/s1600/EsotericArmourQatarLibyaRatel4.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPTYhkhO_bbdffhsFTUa7BGYvNiHSpPTBGdrVjub8cmUPGVH30IlDCN-OtDygMjcEg1YEFXnv6fPoU0yvLNug8qH5Wex3yFHAipKrZN-SJQf5MOgP-nsvmSoAY6pg231JGHo6IWHBIC1o/s400/EsotericArmourQatarLibyaRatel4.bmp" height="295" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Qatar and National Liberation Army/National Transitional Council flag visible on the front left of the </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Ratel</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> 20</span></i></td></tr>
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The supply of an IFV to the National Liberation Army is potentially controversial. It is also interesting that no attempt has been made to hide its origins, especially as Qatar may be in breach of the end-user certificate with South Africa in supplying them to a third party.<br />
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One should consider that although produced as an IFV there is evidence that the vehicles prime weapon; a turret mounted 20mm semi-automatic cannon, has been removed and it is unclear if the coaxial 7.62mm machine gun is still present. This would therefore reduce the its capability and could limit it to the APC (armoured personnel carrier) role as it can carry atleast seven personnel in addition to the standard crew. </div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaAZsSQn17rb_TBnGsPHZ8UeHcaObuVvtLIln7YWaIHiWR-ZUcTiHGohcsQauUMbOZRdtK7ltCGdqmDXwjkJKPBgYdOUqN07JFuyXehqohCS-IZMMxbsWSprWjNavw8kdirVjEZOK30q0/s1600/EsotericArmourQatarLibyaRatel3.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaAZsSQn17rb_TBnGsPHZ8UeHcaObuVvtLIln7YWaIHiWR-ZUcTiHGohcsQauUMbOZRdtK7ltCGdqmDXwjkJKPBgYdOUqN07JFuyXehqohCS-IZMMxbsWSprWjNavw8kdirVjEZOK30q0/s400/EsotericArmourQatarLibyaRatel3.bmp" height="311" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">20mm semi-automatic gun barrel comparison</span></i></td></tr>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLyqkJMSgwM7mPXM6YHHY-ToGJOZpVqXroaEEsjgtZoiXxGaaj8LSu3AXCzANsQHe9piIqRE-OMCsMddBh6Ym4G2BTS0ibjScIOTjIG1rc6nt29kfD0OHaM88w5u32bBuiQ5ZPDSNxv3A/s1600/EsotericArmourQatarLibyaRatel1.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLyqkJMSgwM7mPXM6YHHY-ToGJOZpVqXroaEEsjgtZoiXxGaaj8LSu3AXCzANsQHe9piIqRE-OMCsMddBh6Ym4G2BTS0ibjScIOTjIG1rc6nt29kfD0OHaM88w5u32bBuiQ5ZPDSNxv3A/s400/EsotericArmourQatarLibyaRatel1.bmp" height="292" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Youtube video of the television footage. The Ratel is first visible between 07:33 - 07:46 and then again at approximately 08:05. This footage sequence is repeated later in the broadcast.</span><br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/7HZd9mvjHq0?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
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<b>UPDATE: 29/08/2011 </b></div>
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Another photograph has emerged of a Ratel 20 in Libya. Although only a partial view of the top of the vehicle, the turret is unmistakeably that of a Ratel 20. The apparent removal of the main 20mm armament, as discussed previously, has been addressed by the addition of a ZPU-1 AA gun. This gun has seen widespread use in the Libya civil war often being mounted to the rear of pick up truck technicals. It remains unknown how many Ratels were delivered to the National Liberation Army or if this is the same one featured in earlier footage. </div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdlTQSAvBtKIOc3OF3iWIHWfRzJDiw6mMuDKqVkJD9tKiC0BWJ4IE6QnRDwpyoYGbMsXgGMMip2d9pbVQoYEVaYnrifQdpolGG_ztmQDM3ur6tHUQ2p4gGqk2nQWbCwILhLOeAg1P7sa4/s1600/lib+qatar+ratel+new.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdlTQSAvBtKIOc3OF3iWIHWfRzJDiw6mMuDKqVkJD9tKiC0BWJ4IE6QnRDwpyoYGbMsXgGMMip2d9pbVQoYEVaYnrifQdpolGG_ztmQDM3ur6tHUQ2p4gGqk2nQWbCwILhLOeAg1P7sa4/s400/lib+qatar+ratel+new.jpg" height="266" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">ZPU</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">-1 with standard AA mount, welded on top of the stowage rack of </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Ratel</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> 20. The effectiveness of this addition beyond long range suppressive fire may be compromised due the obstructive positioning behind the turret and the obviously vulnerable position of the gunner.</span></i></td></tr>
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<b>UPDATE: 29/08/2011</b></div>
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Another day and yet another photograph of a Ratel 20 in Libya. This photograph was reportedly taken on or before 24/08/2011 in relation to the battle from Tripoli and clearly shows the turret of a Ratel 20.. This example has been modified with the addition of a russian made UB-16-57UMP rocket pod housing S-5 unguided rockets. This pod is normally mounted on aircraft and no doubt taken from captured Libyan Air force stocks.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><i><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjX26umwMKTZaRPfnNYD4kNB5cobWtFQ8dmvp3R0aLZMZCMXHHJjJ5XO-pyrAeqkSbakn9mDyEFMcixcjfDQzfTT7MXYSfe-BCkQKyur-MtZ6pXanCGputoZzZiKpMUhT1esC2oGbKX2qs/s1600/libya+ratel+esoteric+armour.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjX26umwMKTZaRPfnNYD4kNB5cobWtFQ8dmvp3R0aLZMZCMXHHJjJ5XO-pyrAeqkSbakn9mDyEFMcixcjfDQzfTT7MXYSfe-BCkQKyur-MtZ6pXanCGputoZzZiKpMUhT1esC2oGbKX2qs/s400/libya+ratel+esoteric+armour.jpg" height="400" width="298" /></a></i></td></tr>
<tr style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">A Libyan rebel poses on rocket pod mounted above the turret of a </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Ratel</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> 20. The rocket pod is a believed to be a </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">UB</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">-16-57UMP, the 16 referring to the number of rockets and the 57 referring the diameter (mm) of the launch tubes. Also apparent is the removal of the 20mm gun barrel normally fitted to this variant.</span></i></td></tr>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;"><b>UPDATE: 03/09/2011</b></span></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Further footage has emerged courtesy VOA (Voice of America) News showing what appears to be the modified Ratels mentioned in the previous two updates. Note the apparent absence of the Qatar or NTC flag.</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Youtube video of original broadcast:</span><br />
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<span id="goog_1594684250"></span><span id="goog_1594684251"></span>Mandrakehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03742661426196849195noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8015163065767866975.post-269730475338421452011-08-01T16:06:00.003+01:002012-09-02T19:15:17.366+01:00Libya Maz-543 TEL Scud-B<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-size: small;">Libya received a total of 288 SS-1C Scud-B (R-17) missiles from the former Soviet Union along with 72 Maz-543 TEL (9P117 Uragan) designed specifically to deploy these missiles. Libya has also sought to acquire further Scud missiles through other means and sources. This article covers both the Maz-543 TEL and associated Scud missiles in Libyan Service.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBKZjATuBPewsUNM0qv2D4vXIoaI9nVJo-N6rE5wWAdiucppvXSqlbhYQe9iwAdmLaRFuVug6sQjBQFaIEaqv-EvOUIqcSCpcX3aFvV7joVvymj7EucOzNWhb-4liMxHvks2gvhNeYGDo/s1600/EsotericArmourLibyaMAZ543TELSCUD3.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBKZjATuBPewsUNM0qv2D4vXIoaI9nVJo-N6rE5wWAdiucppvXSqlbhYQe9iwAdmLaRFuVug6sQjBQFaIEaqv-EvOUIqcSCpcX3aFvV7joVvymj7EucOzNWhb-4liMxHvks2gvhNeYGDo/s400/EsotericArmourLibyaMAZ543TELSCUD3.bmp" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Maz-543 TEL Scud-Bs during a 2009 parade in Tripoli celebrating the 40th anniversary of the military coup that brought Libyan leader Gaddafi to power.</i></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: small;">The Scud-B is a tactical ballistic missile that entered service with the USSR in 1964 and like most ballistic missiles of that era it's lineage owes much to German V2 missiles captured after WWII. It is capable of carrying a large 985kg warhead to a range of around 300km. However by modern standards it is very inaccurate with a CEP (Circular Error Probability) of 450m. This means that only an estimated 50% of missiles will impact within a 450m radius of their intended target. As well as conventional high-explosives it was also deigned to be capable of carrying a nuclear or chemical warhead, where accuracy would be less of a concern.<b> </b></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><b>In Libyan Service</b> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">In 1975 Libya ordered 27 Maz-543 TELs and 108 Scud-B missiles, with deliveries completed the following year. This was to be followed up with a second larger order in 1980 consisting of 45 TELs and 180 missiles (SIPRI.org). This equates to an initial one to four ratio of launchers to missiles.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Following the 1986 US airstrikes on Libya at least two Scud-Bs were launched in retaliation at the Italian Island of Lampedusa, where a USGC (United States Coast Guard) navigation station was based. All missiles failed to hit the 20.2km island and landed harmlessly in the sea.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWcYwZX-aVHtfGpWcoKutwQ5hS1yS5Jb8km8r-z1vcznUUg-d_vY1gzkSeHK8ju_EQGKf8YMGwqLFkzmsazT-ATQ-HiO2qd7aUmUV0hdJ9s6qpUJCW5SiyDpPfxhoCF2ElgQ6WE_Bnlsc/s1600/EsotericArmourLibyaMAZ543TELSCUD1.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="183" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWcYwZX-aVHtfGpWcoKutwQ5hS1yS5Jb8km8r-z1vcznUUg-d_vY1gzkSeHK8ju_EQGKf8YMGwqLFkzmsazT-ATQ-HiO2qd7aUmUV0hdJ9s6qpUJCW5SiyDpPfxhoCF2ElgQ6WE_Bnlsc/s400/EsotericArmourLibyaMAZ543TELSCUD1.bmp" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>Maz-543 TEL Scud-Bs during a 1999 parade in Tripoli celebrating the 30th anniversary of the military coup that brought Libyan leader Gaddafi to power. </i></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: small;"> Due to the deteriorating international relations and consequent arm embargos Libya sought to maintain and enhance its ballistic missile capabilities from other sources, often covertly.</span><span style="font-size: small;"> </span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;">One such source was North Korea who produced their own copy of the Scud-B called the Hwasong-5. North Korea also developed t<span class="mw-headline">he Hwasong-6 (Scud-C), whereby in exchange for a slightly reduced warhead (~800kg) the range was extended to 700km. The accuracy was also greatly improved, with a CEP of only 50m claimed.</span> </span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;">Libya is believed to of acquired a small number of Hwasong-6, possible only five, in the late 90s. These missiles retained the same dimensions as the Scud-B and therefore their integration with the Maz-543 TEL platform would have been feasible.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;">In 1999 and 2000 there were a number of interceptions of missile parts that were believed to be destined for Libya, often mislabelled automotive parts in order to escape detection. One such interception involved a North Korean flagged freighted stopped by the Indian authorities. It contained not only missile parts but also machine tools and detailed plans for the <span class="mw-headline">Scud-B (Hwasong-5) and Scud-C (Hwasong-6)<b>. </b>It is therefore likely that Libya intended to setup domestic production of these missiles. The initial small batch of Hwasong-6 were probably for reverse engineering and research purposes only.<span style="font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Although these interception provide an insight it fails to provide a comprehensive view of Libya’s Scud missile program. It remains unknown how many parts or complete missiles did make it to </span></span><span class="mw-headline"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Libya</span></span><span class="mw-headline"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> from North Korea or from other sources, nor Libya’s own domestic capability to maintain and increase it’s scud missiles inventory.</span></span> </span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;">There are also uncorroborated reports that some Libya Maz-543 TEL may have been transferred to Iran, which produces it's own Scud-B (Shahab-1) and Scud-C (Shahab-2) variants.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><b>Disposal plans</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="font-weight: normal;">On 19/12/2003, following secret talks with the US and</span></span><span class="mw-headline"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> UK, Libya formally renounced its pursuit of WMD (Weapons of Mass Destruction) and agreed to dismantle any current capabilities. This included any missile with a range of over 300km and payload of over 500kg that could be used as a potential WMD delivery system. </span></span></span></h4>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="font-weight: normal;">The Scud-B with a 300km range was therefore excluded from this agreement but recent wikileaks documents show arrangements for their disposal followed. They also indicate delays in this process stemming from Libya’s unwillingness to retire the system without US approval and possible assistance in procuring a suitable [non WMD] replacement, Libyas first choice being the</span></span><span style="font-weight: normal;"> Russian SS-26 Stone (9K720 Iskander), the export (E) variant falling within the 300km, 500kg limit.</span></span></h4>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">In 2005 Libya reportedly offered to sell all 417 Scud missiles to the US for $2m USD a piece. It is unknown how accurate the 417 figure was nor if it may have included other ballistic missiles beyond the Scud-B and/or any Scud-Cs.</span></span></h4>
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<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: small;">The picture below, reportedly taken in 2007 indicates Libya still maintained some operational capacity regardless of any planned disposal process. A number of Maz-543 TEL Scud-B were also displayed during a 2009 parade in Tripoli.</span></span></h4>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBoEdNISq4t0KEUNtuBArJA-PiWRv7YI9jXo9SE0Z7ZqMuVIDzwsbLGD56Ne874cGnBNOzGnmwUZ81qr2Z1s-bjPHcg75NrYqtHm81f0LpnIg6G-o29jxty43ZJ4KoT9rjjiOFQEYCiCE/s1600/EsotericArmourLibyaMAZ543TELSCUD2.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="277" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBoEdNISq4t0KEUNtuBArJA-PiWRv7YI9jXo9SE0Z7ZqMuVIDzwsbLGD56Ne874cGnBNOzGnmwUZ81qr2Z1s-bjPHcg75NrYqtHm81f0LpnIg6G-o29jxty43ZJ4KoT9rjjiOFQEYCiCE/s400/EsotericArmourLibyaMAZ543TELSCUD2.bmp" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>Libyan M-543 TEL launching a Scud-B, during a joint military exercise with Algeria in 2007. (AFP/Getty Images)</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"> </span><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Libya</b><b> Civil War</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;">It is unknown how many Maz-543 TEL Scud-Bs were operational at the start of the civil war. Whilst there has been rumours that Libyan forces have used Scud missiles against rebel/national liberation army forces these remain unconfirmed. There could also be some confusion with other Libyan army systems such as the Frog-7 missiles and the widespread use of the term “Scud” to generically describe any type of large surface to surface missile. The accuracy of the Scud-B would also limit it’s effectiveness in such a conflict and would likely strengthen NATO/Western resolve if used in urban area. Additionally, due to their range, they would be kept way back from the front and thus not been widely seen or captured on camera.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Libya’s Scud capability has however been targeted by NATO forces, including a strike by the RAF on 05/05/2011 where a large number of scud canisters (30-40) were reportedly destroyed at a site South of Sirte.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;">At least one Maz-543 TEL Scud-B potentially fell into rebel hands during the fall of<i> </i><i><span style="font-style: normal;">Benghazi</span></i>. Google Earth images indicate a military base to the South of the city centre where there is indications of Maz-543TEL Scud-B activity here between 2004-2009.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLIKKaAdd67CWBAD45i90bsq7Qj5msnnJLfovqSbRPNIc_E0w74BCuvxVHVOPNZrt7HIZ43ziOXi97K87qB8KB4D7FkJr-m79FFa-up-MFSnshc0K3jFUuN7oz3ajq4AIrhJxIs7Y12-4/s1600/EsotericArmourLibyaMAZ543TELSCUD4.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="285" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLIKKaAdd67CWBAD45i90bsq7Qj5msnnJLfovqSbRPNIc_E0w74BCuvxVHVOPNZrt7HIZ43ziOXi97K87qB8KB4D7FkJr-m79FFa-up-MFSnshc0K3jFUuN7oz3ajq4AIrhJxIs7Y12-4/s400/EsotericArmourLibyaMAZ543TELSCUD4.bmp" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: xx-small;"><i>Three Maz-543 TEL Scud-B seen at a military base in <i><span style="font-style: normal;">Benghazi in 2009, images of the same base in 2007 and 2004 show various numbers of these vehciles in different positions. (</span></i></i></span><i><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: xx-small;"><i>Google Maps )</i></span></span></i></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: small;">The photographs below were taken on 22/02/2011. The exact circumstances of this scene are unclear but the vehicle would appear to be stuck in the mud, possibly abandoned by retreating Libyan forces.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjhnK520OMrxwt4rIVzzNabNxJwZy_iQkdDXTY9JV_3YKye-K9nqNhT6OPhxYjuQrWIHmw6Dhpq4H9iTK1MutE3yiuS-bk1779-im2apdSYA12RL5Blx6jPAFBfSpL4uzrsH09-rDe9vQ/s1600/EsotericArmourLibyaMAZ543TELSCUD7.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjhnK520OMrxwt4rIVzzNabNxJwZy_iQkdDXTY9JV_3YKye-K9nqNhT6OPhxYjuQrWIHmw6Dhpq4H9iTK1MutE3yiuS-bk1779-im2apdSYA12RL5Blx6jPAFBfSpL4uzrsH09-rDe9vQ/s400/EsotericArmourLibyaMAZ543TELSCUD7.bmp" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: xx-small;">Maz-543 TEL Scud-B photographed in </span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Benghazi on 22/02/2009. "Direction of Artillery and Missiles" badge is visible on the side. Note the kitchen sink in the foreground!</span></span></span></i></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: xx-small;"><i><i><span style="font-style: normal;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha4b43u6b-ZYlw1nHOK1V0w4-CmSKWKZg5mtAPUQgzQ2f1fKv_vaDtU6fEz-7cbKVevTenSbrhuzMzxavu4XbYLgjyNqjSB32Y1BKSzTZUuZYY69bsdqSfUmU6_DzPqJ5XoubAut_GNLI/s1600/EsotericArmourLibyaMAZ543TELSCUD5.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="251" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha4b43u6b-ZYlw1nHOK1V0w4-CmSKWKZg5mtAPUQgzQ2f1fKv_vaDtU6fEz-7cbKVevTenSbrhuzMzxavu4XbYLgjyNqjSB32Y1BKSzTZUuZYY69bsdqSfUmU6_DzPqJ5XoubAut_GNLI/s400/EsotericArmourLibyaMAZ543TELSCUD5.bmp" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>Sunken tread marks are visible some distance behind vehicle, suggesting it unidentionally dug itself in . Recent evidence of wheels spinning in mud, bricks under the wheels and tow rope show the unsuccessful efforts to rescue the vehicle.</i></span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfztPsw_1ARKNkc5wdP-44-jzefJ9x-iWPncd9xf6Uwd7OcyAvXS6YZXT2B_RnwsoQp1jqx9v-RaZ0YCy6SOM4tonbTNurpvFpUPAphOfVIFi1_Yli9ukLo5Ow2Bg7n0fAFFJCNOCssLQ/s1600/EsotericArmourLibyaMAZ543TELSCUD6.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="277" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfztPsw_1ARKNkc5wdP-44-jzefJ9x-iWPncd9xf6Uwd7OcyAvXS6YZXT2B_RnwsoQp1jqx9v-RaZ0YCy6SOM4tonbTNurpvFpUPAphOfVIFi1_Yli9ukLo5Ow2Bg7n0fAFFJCNOCssLQ/s400/EsotericArmourLibyaMAZ543TELSCUD6.bmp" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>Although the vehcile shows some signs of superficial damage this could of been simply vandalism after it had been abandoned. However any damage that could of been inflicted since the photos could render the vehicle unusable operationally.</i></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: small;">The fate of this vehicle after these photographs were taken is unknown. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: small;">It remains to be seen if either side will use such a missile system as the civil war continues. </span></span></div>
Mandrakehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03742661426196849195noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8015163065767866975.post-32756110982407775552011-07-17T20:38:00.000+01:002012-09-02T19:14:18.369+01:00Tunisia SK-105 Kurassier<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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Tunisia ordered a total 54 SK-105 Kurassier light tanks/tank destroyers from Austria in 1976 (SIPRI). As of early 2011 An unknown number of these vehicles are still in active service with the Tunisian army.</div>
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<i><span style="font-size: x-small;">A Tunisian army SK-105 Kurassier on the streets of the Capital Tunis during a declared state of emergency following violence due labour strikes, January 1978. (Corbis)</span></i></div>
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<i style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Note that by this date SK-105s were new in service (according to SIPRI they weren’t delivered until the following year). the dark paint scheme may therefore be the original delivery scheme, presumably the dark green of Austrian armoured vehicles of the time.</span></i><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSBU-kOkb1CHc3ZieazUv46tO3BQGKk6DUVLrEmXtZ7_ZZGOo98gFClQTWZ-s0hXcfLIuVrbQzyLAA3p2rXJ99FTT2v881dmw6jRrVAMKaXbyoPyQ6551fD2OTBqZioOKUc-OTl3UDgko/s1600/EsotericArmour+dot+Blogspot+Tunisia+SK105+A+CORBIS.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><i style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></i></a></div>
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The Austrian SK-105 is often mistaken for the earlier and more widespread French AMX-13. Such misidentification can be attributed to the common oscillating turret design, whereby the gun is fixed to the turret and the entire upper turret changes elevation with the gun. Although oscillating turrets were only employed in a few designs they had the perceived benefit of reducing the turret size and therefore weight. For the Austrians this would allow a potent tank destroyer (105mm gun) on a comparatively smaller and lighter vehicle thus permitting greater mobility over the country’s mountainous terrain. In this case Austria heavily modified the hull of the Saurer Armoured Personnel Carriers to provide the base for the SK-105.</div>
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Although the differences between the SK-105 and AMX-13 are numerous the most obvious external differences for identification purposes are a) AMX-13 road wheels are solid SK-105 road wheels are open spoked. b) the SK-105 barrel has an indented band about halfway along to fit the travel lock c) the top hull sides of the SK-105 are relatively sloped when compared to the more angular AMX-13.</div>
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<b>Tunisian SK-105 during the 2010/2011 Revolution</b></div>
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The Tunisian revolution which began in mid December 2010 and to some degree is still ongoing, led to ousting of President Ben Ali on 14/01/2011 due primarily to the Tunisian Army’s intervention and surrounding of his presidential palace. During initial period of revolution a number of photographs were taken of Tunisian army SK-105 being deployed. </div>
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I have identified three different SK-105 examples:</div>
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<b>1. </b>A Sequence of three photographs, dated 17/01/2011, showing a SK-105 being unloaded and deployed outside the gates leading to the Presidential Palace (Cathage Palace), Tunis.</div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>The unconvential tan with brown and green star like ‘splotches’ camouflage is a common scheme for Tunisian army vehicles.</i></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbfWvlCNJ0mQE-2LRh3sykKDN48YbqKmypsFeheKhRld6BWlH9Thrlw9xKr8xS09nq7yeubm_y7S8YZ5YA00RFfbmqatoaZy-ZILJLdrrIdIIuivfN5m2ZTYcCnKfQb4ad6unhBW-1-dI/s1600/EsotericArmour+dot+Blogspot+Tunisia+SK105+C.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="223" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbfWvlCNJ0mQE-2LRh3sykKDN48YbqKmypsFeheKhRld6BWlH9Thrlw9xKr8xS09nq7yeubm_y7S8YZ5YA00RFfbmqatoaZy-ZILJLdrrIdIIuivfN5m2ZTYcCnKfQb4ad6unhBW-1-dI/s400/EsotericArmour+dot+Blogspot+Tunisia+SK105+C.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
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<i><span style="font-size: x-small;">A good close-up view of the 105mm gun with the transport lock attached.</span></i></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHC-2KNEFFzJZ9J67MxR-Lu6v8oyAcCw1IupdSnrNIkWgVgqmc-ypAjhvfcUl50ADE8IlyBxE8HlCLPigbp7lKQUKbM8zpO1284TjcBI8CwaH9oEf24DPyGFSgxX-HOS8_DKo4z8_2AcY/s1600/EsotericArmour+dot+Blogspot+Tunisia+SK105+D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="248" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHC-2KNEFFzJZ9J67MxR-Lu6v8oyAcCw1IupdSnrNIkWgVgqmc-ypAjhvfcUl50ADE8IlyBxE8HlCLPigbp7lKQUKbM8zpO1284TjcBI8CwaH9oEf24DPyGFSgxX-HOS8_DKo4z8_2AcY/s400/EsotericArmour+dot+Blogspot+Tunisia+SK105+D.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
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<i>Another photograph showing the anti-slip panels on the front of the hull.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Just below this is a red and white Tunisian national roundel with the vehicles five digit (xx xxx) registration/serial number in black.</i></div>
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<b>2.</b> Another SK-105 being unloaded, date and location unknown</div>
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<i>The box mounted on top of the rear turret houses a CILAS TCV 29 laser range-finder. The oscillating turret design means that the laser range-finder location is not limited to the gun barrel or mantle.</i></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">A YouTube video of the same vehicle being unloaded:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><b>3</b>.<span style="font-weight: normal;"> An SK-105 is deployed near the main entrance to Tunis–Carthage International Airport. The Tunisian military allowed a plane carrying the ousted president to depart before shutting down Tunisian airspace. It’s presence outside the airport might also be related to international concerns over the safety of foreign workers and visitors, many of which were trying to leave the country through this airport.</span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOf0KE8TCY2ANs41Aw7uAFd_LsOHZRO67hI2w9BPeiXSB0v0cgkGXqQReAmHFWsbd9qjLjijhqBdS0CowVO38jhjtMcS2wv62DA75NAwP2yoTEsHVODRWnkZAmxLESKON__4h2Nz_tcL4/s1600/EsotericArmour+dot+Blogspot+Tunisia+SK105+F.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="236" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOf0KE8TCY2ANs41Aw7uAFd_LsOHZRO67hI2w9BPeiXSB0v0cgkGXqQReAmHFWsbd9qjLjijhqBdS0CowVO38jhjtMcS2wv62DA75NAwP2yoTEsHVODRWnkZAmxLESKON__4h2Nz_tcL4/s400/EsotericArmour+dot+Blogspot+Tunisia+SK105+F.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
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<i>Note whilst the same colours are utilised the camouflage pattern is different, employing to disruptive <span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: x-small;">bands/stripes.</span></i></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: small;"> Any further information or images of Tunisian SK-105s would be appreciated.</span></b></div>
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Mandrakehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03742661426196849195noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8015163065767866975.post-87802895271751431392011-06-21T00:09:00.004+01:002012-09-02T19:12:32.590+01:00Iraq - AMX-30 AuF1 / GCT 155mm<div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6LxUAlzv6vJ0MoCEJGsIii0vYJEYFeGKgKjMmZUKsCXCmFjDTHQo-Oo3va8mcAMj4lMSnZQGGtr6h-Os9bTiD2zTaweTSUG0ZMhBlKeRIdxpCdoCNpbOTTklg2tJHAJStXcOGsk7dVoI/s1600/Iraq+Flag+1991_2004.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6LxUAlzv6vJ0MoCEJGsIii0vYJEYFeGKgKjMmZUKsCXCmFjDTHQo-Oo3va8mcAMj4lMSnZQGGtr6h-Os9bTiD2zTaweTSUG0ZMhBlKeRIdxpCdoCNpbOTTklg2tJHAJStXcOGsk7dVoI/s1600/Iraq+Flag+1991_2004.png" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">In 1982 Iraq ordered a total of 85 AuF1/ GCT 155mm units from France, with deliveries commencing in 1983 and being completed in 1985.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">The AuF1 is a SPG (self propelled gun) artillery unit is based upon the hull of AMX-30 MBT (main battle tank) but incorporating a new much larger turret to accommodate a 155mm/39-caliber gun with automatic loading system along with 42 rounds of ammunition.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Although it was conceived and designed to meet a French Army requirement due to an exclusive deal it was actually Saudi Arabia who received the first units with deliveries of 51 units beginning in 1978.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihHpYkJVjzx1rOLzwCS-wmEOxcmP9VTCmIR5eUhlGAAMdhlUfZmOzIrH-TmHyo_bvV9Lq3PHwOQYNLI1Bsa8C8VsHWupFMEku_ZWOPK3ugb0n1M1iaYtxXdeYjBGBKQEzUQ-YaceXpeTA/s1600/esotericarmour_dot_blogspot_Iraq_AUF1_1.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihHpYkJVjzx1rOLzwCS-wmEOxcmP9VTCmIR5eUhlGAAMdhlUfZmOzIrH-TmHyo_bvV9Lq3PHwOQYNLI1Bsa8C8VsHWupFMEku_ZWOPK3ugb0n1M1iaYtxXdeYjBGBKQEzUQ-YaceXpeTA/s400/esotericarmour_dot_blogspot_Iraq_AUF1_1.bmp" width="400" /></a></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Iraqi AuF1s during a military parade in Baghdad.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Though this photo is undated part of the Arc of Triumph (also known as the Swords of Qādisīyah or Hands of Victory) is visible in the background. This monument to the Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988) commissioned two year before it ended was opened to the public in late 1989 and dedicated to Saddam Hussien the following year, therefore it this photograph was taken between 1990 and the 2003 invasion, although probably in the earlier stages of that period.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">The addition of the side skirts is visible, a feature also of Saudi but not French examples. Indications of vehicle markings are also present on the front left fender. These are likely to consist of a green triangle (generic army symbol) and the vehicles registration in Arabic numerals against a black background.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"> Iraqi AuF1s were known to have been employed in the Iran-Iraq war, for which they were specifically ordered for, where the accuracy and 23.5km range of its gun reportedly proved very effective.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Whilst it is expected they played a role in the Invasion of Kuwait and subsequent Gulf War (1990-1991) no details of such service and potentially losses are readily available. Their role, if any, against the 2003 invasion of Iraq is also unclear. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">However what is clear is that a number of AuF1 survived both conflicts relatively intact and this may be attributed to their potential lack of operational status following the arm embargos since the invasion of Kuwait which would prevent spares and support from the French manufacture.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">This is evident from the large number of photograph of derelict Auf1s that have emerged since the 2003 occupation. It is in fact one of the most photographed types, presumably due proportions of the 155mm gun. The majority of these examples reside within Camp Taji (formerly a republican guard base) often in long rows. Here are some of the better photographs I have identified:</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7TfvU_P_jk96fpFHhaX2pMIryxEsVoE8CpyPJuYoOjVG377-a9_KytT-4P-S_-1MvjR6v_dzLcjTbWA_7FHGi7aiDf3Qm0l3F11XMrz0bGJCNC0wRIlDdNfmvczB6WyQmadgExHOPo48/s1600/esotericarmour_dot_blogspot_Iraq_AUF1_7.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="87" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7TfvU_P_jk96fpFHhaX2pMIryxEsVoE8CpyPJuYoOjVG377-a9_KytT-4P-S_-1MvjR6v_dzLcjTbWA_7FHGi7aiDf3Qm0l3F11XMrz0bGJCNC0wRIlDdNfmvczB6WyQmadgExHOPo48/s400/esotericarmour_dot_blogspot_Iraq_AUF1_7.bmp" width="400" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">A line of derelict AuF1s and a single 2S3 </span></span>Akatsiya <span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>(far right) at Camp Taji</i></span><b><i><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikEC35_XYzD8sVSHySfJLOuPq_pehv4Y4jU8fPWE_MHZ05r5n4yoTTJHA9lWQOeBfapqcxonL2IiXHMbQ9ft-CLrLff07MRVM1WNO2y_UfOU4lDhm1d3KZR1ApNux1OcU-mcI9gVpabmQ/s1600/esotericarmour_dot_blogspot_Iraq_AUF1_2.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="137" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikEC35_XYzD8sVSHySfJLOuPq_pehv4Y4jU8fPWE_MHZ05r5n4yoTTJHA9lWQOeBfapqcxonL2IiXHMbQ9ft-CLrLff07MRVM1WNO2y_UfOU4lDhm1d3KZR1ApNux1OcU-mcI9gVpabmQ/s400/esotericarmour_dot_blogspot_Iraq_AUF1_2.bmp" width="400" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi97WSsLvDItR16xynjT5F4RCoEMa3cPeW0TT895B1rxhQrfaQn5NPsBqzkiC28ciHPaDv-EEldvnA7e7i-_DFucGfk5WO4kDMlZmOz6j3uXBJoiEhSWrXpifr9rM9VnE813bkTAiWATKI/s1600/esotericarmour_dot_blogspot_Iraq_AUF1_4.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="331" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi97WSsLvDItR16xynjT5F4RCoEMa3cPeW0TT895B1rxhQrfaQn5NPsBqzkiC28ciHPaDv-EEldvnA7e7i-_DFucGfk5WO4kDMlZmOz6j3uXBJoiEhSWrXpifr9rM9VnE813bkTAiWATKI/s400/esotericarmour_dot_blogspot_Iraq_AUF1_4.bmp" width="400" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDuUCVR05rKd9X9eJWu5BGDgDvXnAyDrGLUCXOYbQOvRrhjSFumz9C3uVbKxwzn3Dai5M0nKIdkkijFQNSUO2yW1MIcO2rMiHn6nl1Xh992ve9dxN28gsv-Bxvo3Tfs7B0JLVKwEm-Pn4/s1600/esotericarmour_dot_blogspot_Iraq_AUF1_6.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="161" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDuUCVR05rKd9X9eJWu5BGDgDvXnAyDrGLUCXOYbQOvRrhjSFumz9C3uVbKxwzn3Dai5M0nKIdkkijFQNSUO2yW1MIcO2rMiHn6nl1Xh992ve9dxN28gsv-Bxvo3Tfs7B0JLVKwEm-Pn4/s400/esotericarmour_dot_blogspot_Iraq_AUF1_6.bmp" width="400" /></a></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2UgjrnGXGyPBZv1m9w5Hahz8AD9T2A0dDAtkLJdFgOgizZHEGrLT_UJGBj9duURmqfE4pjQKkfYEE77NRNIZu8oh2YN1us8T7gB5FoBOzCfqwqv5izualj7lvQRJt-mEUSQQUrPdFPCg/s1600/esotericarmour_dot_blogspot_Iraq_AUF1_3.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="278" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2UgjrnGXGyPBZv1m9w5Hahz8AD9T2A0dDAtkLJdFgOgizZHEGrLT_UJGBj9duURmqfE4pjQKkfYEE77NRNIZu8oh2YN1us8T7gB5FoBOzCfqwqv5izualj7lvQRJt-mEUSQQUrPdFPCg/s400/esotericarmour_dot_blogspot_Iraq_AUF1_3.bmp" width="400" /></a></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Close up of one of the AuF1 and </span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">2S3 </span></span>Akatsiya<span style="font-size: x-small;"> seen previously.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Note the machine gun gradle visible on the top right of the turret. It is unknown what type of of machine gun Iraq would of mounted on their AuF1s but the following two options would seem the most likely: a)12.7mm/ 0.50 caliber M2 Browning (US) as mounted to French Army examples. Iraqi forces had already had this type in service for many decades before receiving AuF1s OR b) 7.62mm AA-52 (France) as identified fitted to a Saudi AuF1, based on the only availalble photo.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Perhaps someone with more knowledge can identify what specific type of gun would fit this cradle?</span></b></div>
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<b>UPDATE: 10/07/2011</b></div>
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In regards to the turret mounted machine gun, it has been highlighted that in the early parade photograph that no gun or cradle is mounted. This therefore raises the possibility that it was a later Iraqi addition thus widing the range over which gun could of been fitted, including the russian <i>DShKM. </i></div>
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Mandrakehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03742661426196849195noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8015163065767866975.post-36143180076048813222011-06-13T21:41:00.006+01:002012-09-02T19:11:27.544+01:00Sri Lanka Daimler Mk.II Armoured Car<div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
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<span style="font-size: small;">The Sri Lankan Army (SLA) previously operated an unknown number of Daimler Mk.II Armoured Cars. However there is very little information available about their service with the SLA. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Daimler Armoured Cars were designed and produced in the United Kingdom during WWII with a total of 2,694 (Mk.I&II) being built. They were exported to a handful of countries, with some staying on in British service into the 1960s.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">It is unclear when the SLA first received its Daimler Armoured Cars or in what numbers. They may have been handed to Ceylon Defence Force (the colonial precursor to the SLA until 1949) during British rule or possibly exported later following independence. It is equally unclear exactly when these WWII era vehicle were withdrawn from active service, although it would appear some examples were operational into the 1990s and possibly early into the next century. The SLA may also retain one or more examples in workable condition for ceremonial duties.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><b>The Curious Case of AY4277</b></span> <span style="font-size: small;"><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;">By far the most common and often only photographed SLA example is the remains of “AY4277” at Elephants Pass in Northern Sri Lanka. There are a large number of photographs of this particular vehicle available online, many more than I have displayed in this article. Although it might appear that there may be more than one example, closer inspection indicates it to be the same vehicle.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgd34e09C4VNSG2uxkRxdKfi8m6hMloN5Be2R8vTZlOOEw9hUJDt6IvRMzPFOHAm1me-f5x3xTHMGLTPzpabRxGj_zf1C_015wuaeve_i5UcmEY5vjFJCKD0bQ0V-WaBqXv0Z6BdhQ0kjg/s1600/esotericarmour.blogspot_SriLanka_DaimlerAC_1.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgd34e09C4VNSG2uxkRxdKfi8m6hMloN5Be2R8vTZlOOEw9hUJDt6IvRMzPFOHAm1me-f5x3xTHMGLTPzpabRxGj_zf1C_015wuaeve_i5UcmEY5vjFJCKD0bQ0V-WaBqXv0Z6BdhQ0kjg/s400/esotericarmour.blogspot_SriLanka_DaimlerAC_1.bmp" width="400" /></a></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">The registration AY4277 can be seen on the front of the vehicle. The front of the vehicle is facing the camera however the turret is facing the rear although the gun barrel is not present.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Elephants Pass is a strategically important military base connecting the Jaffna Peninsula to the rest of the island. Consequently it has been the scene of much fighting between the SLA and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) also known as the Tamil Tigers during the Sri Lankan Civil War.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">It is not known quite how or when AY277 was damaged and immobilised in this position. Reports that the vehicle struck a mine are often cited but I am not convinced the damage is consitent with this. The vehicle was probably damaged in the first battle of Elephant Pass (1991) which was an unsuccessful attempt to capture the base by the LTTE or the Second battle of Elephant Pass (2000) in which the LTTE succeeded and not only captured the base but also a number of SLA equipment.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5KxVnD6-7J8RFgGJ7pUtxxdZvjKT9WzrI-x-nZqcJWrMziDX6G4ph1J6zz-FrjniUUe5JSWksT0oEVL0w7Nplp6djp8kYqj-UUZ6GoVJ4B17sWEhUFbNX6bspYGx35Ro5joBm6pKuX-M/s1600/esotericarmour.blogspot_SriLanka_DaimlerAC_2.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="302" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5KxVnD6-7J8RFgGJ7pUtxxdZvjKT9WzrI-x-nZqcJWrMziDX6G4ph1J6zz-FrjniUUe5JSWksT0oEVL0w7Nplp6djp8kYqj-UUZ6GoVJ4B17sWEhUFbNX6bspYGx35Ro5joBm6pKuX-M/s400/esotericarmour.blogspot_SriLanka_DaimlerAC_2.bmp" width="400" /></a></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Another view of AY277, this is one of the earliest dated photograph (2002) with the original SLA camouflage scheme is still at least partially visible. It consisted of light tan/sand, green and black, a common scheme for SLA vehicles, particularly other SLA armoured cars like the Alvis Saladin.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCBMBIaWnC8oDNsVfPUVxpH2zkd0BKJz-rqvhyCRbwygrYGD8v2qme5JVhMyM0AVd_dpOA1tgVFiOQojH_lGnDa28WYnhkMqBT4ADFT5Tb_ShnkH4KhUxDnkGuwKwzb3hjt_C1s2wxzCk/s1600/esotericarmour.blogspot_SriLanka_DaimlerAC_3.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="277" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCBMBIaWnC8oDNsVfPUVxpH2zkd0BKJz-rqvhyCRbwygrYGD8v2qme5JVhMyM0AVd_dpOA1tgVFiOQojH_lGnDa28WYnhkMqBT4ADFT5Tb_ShnkH4KhUxDnkGuwKwzb3hjt_C1s2wxzCk/s400/esotericarmour.blogspot_SriLanka_DaimlerAC_3.bmp" width="400" /></a></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">This less common side view indicates that a significant amount of the rear engine compartment has been removed or destroyed.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><b>LTTE relocation and refurbishment of AY4277</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Whilst the area was under LTTE control and some point between 2006 and 2009 AY4277 was relocated next to the main road near to the road sign for Elephant Pass. It was also refurbished to some degree, however it appears such efforts were purely cosmetic and that the vehicle was not repaired to a workable operational standard.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">The purpose of such efforts would likely either be for LTTE propaganda and/or to act as a decoy against Sri Lankan government forces. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjg1JUTXGzrW_7Ivt62fhaA2VBkplZSgp5DRJ0Rdjg4J8oCIotqhgQOi5fQH8-auXaeRng47EPI8uO2PAL0JtrJv0rx9ZthJK9DF-eHfRo3PFdYuDmIeeBXRcIWnfqARCbKc2aZQ5nM8e0/s1600/esotericarmour.blogspot_SriLanka_DaimlerAC_5.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="267" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjg1JUTXGzrW_7Ivt62fhaA2VBkplZSgp5DRJ0Rdjg4J8oCIotqhgQOi5fQH8-auXaeRng47EPI8uO2PAL0JtrJv0rx9ZthJK9DF-eHfRo3PFdYuDmIeeBXRcIWnfqARCbKc2aZQ5nM8e0/s400/esotericarmour.blogspot_SriLanka_DaimlerAC_5.bmp" width="400" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Study of the available photographs indicates the following modifications were made:</span></div>
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<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;">New wheels/tyres. These appear to be smaller than the originals although also apparent is the damage to the suspension.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;">Chassis repair work. Previously damaged areas reworked using sheet metal or spare parts from other vehicles. The most obvious areas this is visible are the rear engine compartment and front, neither of which match the original design.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;">Repainted to a four tone green, brown, tan and black disruptive camouflage scheme. This scheme closely matches those applied to other LTTE vehicles and equipment.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;">Replacement gun barrel. This appear to be a fake barrel possibly a drain pipe or similar. This is not present in all photos indicating it was either later addition or was at some stage removed. </span></li>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGBcM6cDu6VMCn4BCj6yTwKeVaOxcFxNZV9I8WmjCz5VdJHCHfAjEkT1E1yMLo0LW51OMpjQP_RzwiErBNuCkZ4FSJ7myr_2-DlfpJnf-ltFYBsgPypHtnZFG51UFK35YfJRHFyzYpBWw/s1600/esotericarmour.blogspot_SriLanka_DaimlerAC_4.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGBcM6cDu6VMCn4BCj6yTwKeVaOxcFxNZV9I8WmjCz5VdJHCHfAjEkT1E1yMLo0LW51OMpjQP_RzwiErBNuCkZ4FSJ7myr_2-DlfpJnf-ltFYBsgPypHtnZFG51UFK35YfJRHFyzYpBWw/s400/esotericarmour.blogspot_SriLanka_DaimlerAC_4.bmp" width="400" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDtLwDaICrGDiA_Semde1Znbx99Af9VE0AMwC889bNecTBs42vh5Nsof4AK91Mi7_6Lp0wPAzyzMoIB-znc99l7YOm87U965vYTjtmk2YWiyx1LDj0cmkzTM7gvS5OYZ5cHDZFJpiwruA/s1600/esotericarmour.blogspot_SriLanka_DaimlerAC_6.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="255" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDtLwDaICrGDiA_Semde1Znbx99Af9VE0AMwC889bNecTBs42vh5Nsof4AK91Mi7_6Lp0wPAzyzMoIB-znc99l7YOm87U965vYTjtmk2YWiyx1LDj0cmkzTM7gvS5OYZ5cHDZFJpiwruA/s400/esotericarmour.blogspot_SriLanka_DaimlerAC_6.bmp" width="400" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">This vehicle is still assessed to be AY4277, primarily due to the reworked rear engine section, which was destroyed and the rearwards facing turret.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><b>Other examples</b><b>……</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">The only other example of an SLA Daimler Armoured Car I have been able to identify is a preserved example at a SLA base.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnz-TYbZVtgl4wDR0d70J3Hpb7yXrk3-YVZ29jevcVlsPJU2bwc1vyoZW1An53T4pE99EWWYlWoGzsmlUdCcnYYjb0w8o_nLWdvRWJ6mSM1PdYmxpgCvLOnEAWD5w-WSxbJuyQ0vUL40A/s1600/esotericarmour.blogspot_SriLanka_DaimlerAC_7.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="168" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnz-TYbZVtgl4wDR0d70J3Hpb7yXrk3-YVZ29jevcVlsPJU2bwc1vyoZW1An53T4pE99EWWYlWoGzsmlUdCcnYYjb0w8o_nLWdvRWJ6mSM1PdYmxpgCvLOnEAWD5w-WSxbJuyQ0vUL40A/s400/esotericarmour.blogspot_SriLanka_DaimlerAC_7.bmp" width="400" /></a></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">From left to right; Daimler Ferret, Daimler MK.II Armoured Car, Alvis Saracen, a very rare shot of a SLA BTR-152 and a further unidentified vehicle. Note the curved shape of the gun mantle of the Daimler Armoured Car identifying it as a Mk.II as opposed to a Mk.I which was more rectangular mantle. Another interesting note is the two headlights on the front as opposed to the one visible on AY4277.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQSNYyMmjG051ML3FDvWx0oXcHIvFIhXwcqp_oeMaa5NbF8pQtmgPDF0n46x-gs-Jdcah3sa1CAgPTOwyoaW6TPMBiAn5RKXIucM4SHp68DjMoYVhRJ3cYztjX55s3v8DJW1i42ThQcEo/s1600/esotericarmour.blogspot_SriLanka_DaimlerAC_8.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="186" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQSNYyMmjG051ML3FDvWx0oXcHIvFIhXwcqp_oeMaa5NbF8pQtmgPDF0n46x-gs-Jdcah3sa1CAgPTOwyoaW6TPMBiAn5RKXIucM4SHp68DjMoYVhRJ3cYztjX55s3v8DJW1i42ThQcEo/s400/esotericarmour.blogspot_SriLanka_DaimlerAC_8.bmp" width="400" /></a></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">The same row of preserved vehicles during an open day in 2009, with the further addition of a [operational] T-55 in the background. The standard SLA markings are clearly visible.</span></div>
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Mandrakehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03742661426196849195noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8015163065767866975.post-12187978714851084052011-05-31T23:49:00.004+01:002012-09-02T19:10:02.593+01:00Libya M113<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-size: small;">Recent photographs of US made M113 Armoured Personnel Carriers in Libyan service during the current Civil War have caused some surprise amongst spectators.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">The relationship between the Libya and the US deteriorated in the 1970s due to Libya’s involvement in state sponsored terrorism.</span><span style="font-size: small;"> This resulted in a US arms export ban and the suspension of a number of impending equipment transfers.</span><span style="font-size: small;"> The extent of military deliveries prior to such restrictions is unclear. </span><span style="font-size: small;"> Libya did receive a number of US aircraft types after this time, however the majority of these were delivered and/or manufactured (under license) via Italy.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">The source and number of M113 deliveries is therefore uncertain.</span><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">In regards to the source of these Libyan M113s a number of possibilities should be considered:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">a) Imported by either Italy or Brazil, both of which operate the M113 in large numbers and are known suppliers of military vehicles to Libya.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">b) Supplied by one of Libya’s allies in the Middle East and/or Africa.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">c) US exported before restrictions.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;">Before the Civil War and with the recent thaw in US/Libyan relations, Libya reported sought a deal to refurnish/upgrade 50 M113s, thus giving an indication of minimum numbers.</span><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">A photograph of an M113 being transported, via a low loader, to the Benghazi on or around 18 March 2011. The green flag indicates that it is being operated by pro-Gaddafi forces.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Free Libya Rebels gather around two M113s. Neither of these vehicles are identical to the one above although may be part of the same convoy. The circumstances of this photograph are unclear but the rear M113 has clearly suffered severe damage.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><i>01 Apr 2011, Benghazi, Libya --- A burned out tank lies next to the street in Benghazi..."</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"> (Corbis)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">A further photograph of the damaged M113, now removed from the trailer and left abandoned by the side of the road. It is unknown if the other seemingly undamaged vehicle was put into rebel service.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://farm6.static.flickr.com/5266/5783190623_701a867ffa_b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://farm6.static.flickr.com/5266/5783190623_701a867ffa_b.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">A final archive screenshot of a Libyan M113 during a parade (date unknown)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><b>From a 1/35 scale modelling perspective……</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">There are numerous M113 variants available from a range of manufactures, however the Tamiya and Academy offering are generally considered the best. Libyan examples are likely to represent early M113/M113A1 so choose accordingly.</span> </div>
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<b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: red;">UPDATE 13/06/2011</span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">In regards to the likely origin of Libyan M113s it seems increasingly likely that there were exported direct from the USA prior to any restrictions. This is based primarily on the following two factors.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">1. Closer inspection of the photos indicates that these are the early M113 base variants (as opposed to the M113A1 introduced in 1964), indicates by the thin front headlight bracket/guard. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">2. SIPRI indicates the delivery year for these vehicles as 1966.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Although it has been also pointed out that Italy licensed produced M113s, although I cannot be certain, it seems unlikely there were exporting or manufacturing such base models in the mid 1960s.</span></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">UPDATE: 10/07/2011</span></span></b></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUszm5d274PLLNiLwPxmr_mH9SX25HUSMiY7yWBKZAsckCqmecZv27tSyXP2Dw6ppDfmCt5PB-iqyZ_QoPYwHCAoTD8Uwpz7PR3JlHc6pIOf2_4QELYGFx72I-yp2xSd8t0bPnXCdRq6M/s1600/EsotericArmourdotblogspotLibyaM113A.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUszm5d274PLLNiLwPxmr_mH9SX25HUSMiY7yWBKZAsckCqmecZv27tSyXP2Dw6ppDfmCt5PB-iqyZ_QoPYwHCAoTD8Uwpz7PR3JlHc6pIOf2_4QELYGFx72I-yp2xSd8t0bPnXCdRq6M/s320/EsotericArmourdotblogspotLibyaM113A.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">In this undated photograph of a further M113 example further indications of it being an early base model M113 are evident. The headlight guard is clearly the thinner more circular cross section design when compare to M113A1 and later models. The engine access panel also reveals the white circlur air cleaner upper body associated with the early M113 Chrysler 75M gasoline engine, subsequent variants all had diesel engines.</td></tr>
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Mandrakehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03742661426196849195noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8015163065767866975.post-68096085690399268202011-05-28T00:00:00.019+01:002012-09-02T19:06:54.218+01:00Ivory Coast / Côte d'Ivoire BMP-1 & BMP-2<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCdeEsSsCKBY-Xzq_xBAWnidHKxO9-YFGJPkNvIkxdCcdvtXR7uOCCtVYKXiIr4jS-h7oAELW6-mOSAOl3UDYirwf4okOnYM23llOQ_CBH67tcT7cTJSEU75eZ6HJTCMlcUPD_MNdDTuM/s1600/BMP2_B.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div>
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<a href="http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/flags/countrys/zzzflags/cismall.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/flags/countrys/zzzflags/cismall.gif" /></a></div>
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BMP-1 & BMP-2 in action during the second Ivory Coast Civil War (2011)</div>
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<b>Background</b></div>
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Between March and April 2011 a short but bloody second civil war occurred in the Ivory Coast.<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"> There are a number of historic underlining causes to this conflict but the much delayed and disputed November 2010 election was a key trigger.</span></div>
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The initial results indicated that opposition leader Alassane Outtara had won the election and he was internationally recognised as the president elect. However Laurent Gbagbo, the incumbent president since 2000, claimed that results were invalid and went on to claim victory after the results in several northern (opposition) regions were cancelled thus giving Gbagbo a narrow victory.</div>
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Despite domestic and international pressure Gbagbo refused to step down and stayed in power through the continued support of his generals. Following months of failed negotiations and sporadic violence the situation developed into civil war between forces loyal to Gbagbo and those loyal to Outtara. The conflict quickly de-esculated after the arrest of Gbagbo by Outtara forces on 11 April 2011.</div>
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UN and French forces were also present, acting in self defence and in the protection of the civilian population.<b> </b><br />
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<b>BMP-1</b></div>
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Analysis of available photos of BMP-1 in Ivory Coast serivce suggest they are probably BMP-1P variants or at least upgraded to a similar standard.</div>
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This conclusion is based upon the presence of extra turret armour, the six 81 mm 902V "Tucha" smoke grenade launchers on the rear of the turret and the mountings on the front for KMT-10 mine plow, although there is no suggestion that this attachment was ever delivered to the Ivory Coast.</div>
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These upgraded models were less commonly exported, often only becoming available in the post cold war era from ex-Russian or ex-Soviet republic stock. In the case of Ivorian BMP-1s it is reported that 13 examples were imported from Belarus in 2002/2003. Belarus apparently upgraded some of their vehicles to BMP-1P standard at a former soviet repair workshop.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrvPLSrc56-iuhZCvfKyBULLyFWBg-lnh0oeygJpYQ-AI8rKcETOXyt_spdXX9l2MYLGJB5-VilSiZMlcJwl6KmHGby19SjGFS1P5IavP7H0uVzsZE_JKj0W_6fLnY0haFTt8weeF4Q_M/s1600/bmp1_A.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrvPLSrc56-iuhZCvfKyBULLyFWBg-lnh0oeygJpYQ-AI8rKcETOXyt_spdXX9l2MYLGJB5-VilSiZMlcJwl6KmHGby19SjGFS1P5IavP7H0uVzsZE_JKj0W_6fLnY0haFTt8weeF4Q_M/s400/bmp1_A.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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The BMP-1 above is reportedly operated by forces loyal to President Gbagbo, presumably the national army. Note the crocodile head artwork and the hand written wording on the side, the meaning of which is unclear. The presence of apparent foreign personnel with their faces blacked out is also interested, these may be mercenaries hired by Gbagbo.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUa1relrlFuQdS1SH6P96nyekfQwYe9NKFPcUlBlwMPc_QZe7X_oN5vSaYRTOPsO3HXLNQ539MFdipujp6mZ9UON_FZ1PeAm-shR7VCjGOtr2u26ElxDcPWdHEoM80NLQ35mjgFUvWpI0/s1600/Bmp1_D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUa1relrlFuQdS1SH6P96nyekfQwYe9NKFPcUlBlwMPc_QZe7X_oN5vSaYRTOPsO3HXLNQ539MFdipujp6mZ9UON_FZ1PeAm-shR7VCjGOtr2u26ElxDcPWdHEoM80NLQ35mjgFUvWpI0/s400/Bmp1_D.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
Another BMP-1 again pressumably of the national Army. This is possibly the same example as in the previous photograph based upon similar stowage at the rear of the turret, indications of similiar writing on the side and a similiarly censored individual!<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4xm-9LRLakICoqdHxxhukR9J2fu7qGuldm6s6Z25mhA5R-_II8hyahT2eCvz92gNSdrb9hVnmneXesunc9aA3qnColtsA9P7BA1D2JCuXWD7PTbim2KBt6T2GubwNw4H6KGpCSzIK5fU/s1600/bmp1_B.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4xm-9LRLakICoqdHxxhukR9J2fu7qGuldm6s6Z25mhA5R-_II8hyahT2eCvz92gNSdrb9hVnmneXesunc9aA3qnColtsA9P7BA1D2JCuXWD7PTbim2KBt6T2GubwNw4H6KGpCSzIK5fU/s400/bmp1_B.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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A further BMP-1 belonging to forces loyal to Gbagbo. This is example however belongs to the Gendarmerie (National Police) as indicated by the white writing on the front. The Ivorian Gendarmerie is similar in size to the army and in times of national crisis would be used to reinforce it. It features an unusual overall black paint scheme and the vehicle is named <i>“le Buffle”</i> which translates as <i>“the Buffalo”.</i> Crocodile head artwork also features on this BMP-1 although the design is different to the previous army example.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEih0accm4lLfr4-_eaVAJRiQ9Nef0SVfGmuKte6nuLNQmq77PemDZyWAX5kmUoQGoQVae2sRTRdppUDwXV0DPLS2h0MRlf3-t9ix7NZn2H9g4CcbY5iS64qWnqaefKn16P3qElWBYmEIIw/s1600/bmp1_C.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEih0accm4lLfr4-_eaVAJRiQ9Nef0SVfGmuKte6nuLNQmq77PemDZyWAX5kmUoQGoQVae2sRTRdppUDwXV0DPLS2h0MRlf3-t9ix7NZn2H9g4CcbY5iS64qWnqaefKn16P3qElWBYmEIIw/s400/bmp1_C.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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A destroyed BMP-1 in the capital Abidjan. Some captions of this photograph have stated it was knocked out by French Gazelle attack helicopters.</div>
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<b>BMP-2</b></div>
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Open source research suggests that total of three BMP-2s reportedly delivered to the Ivory Coast. The first delivery was for two units from Angola in 2002. Angolan BMP-2s were received second or even third hand and came from a variety of former soviet republics. This was followed by a single unit from Ukraine in 2003.</div>
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Judging from photographic evidence, at least one BMP-2 was destroyed between 2002/2003 during the first Ivory Coast civil war. The single Ukrainian example could therefore be a direct replacement.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2IqKv_VgR6tczYh03AGY_sRrmDdmTp62sPZ3Y4VDVrV1RrvHZnM_vXVp-xvtr8iJc1eVkaDjL5LUwwh1ATxJ0DotYqM0epqELH3I76zxhuXVCo9UGLWjEQ3ipq5u2uK7cAbRwhyC2Z_M/s1600/BMP2_D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="270" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2IqKv_VgR6tczYh03AGY_sRrmDdmTp62sPZ3Y4VDVrV1RrvHZnM_vXVp-xvtr8iJc1eVkaDjL5LUwwh1ATxJ0DotYqM0epqELH3I76zxhuXVCo9UGLWjEQ3ipq5u2uK7cAbRwhyC2Z_M/s400/BMP2_D.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>"Forces loyal to presidential claimant Alassane Ouattara rest on an armoured vehicle in Abidjan, Ivory Coast, 02 April 2011."</i></div>
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<i style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">(Corbis) </i></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwcpcG3RkAulRRHlQRSuaIH7Lr-XgOPlh_9SQEaTQcq8FJeNh4KolsPZkdGyO1ShNU0bn0HcuvJzCqvQUBSJF3c_0AGvYu9CiwhJozncMUawOOa4OZLPWixML7ezHwgatbqymGYuiyy8o/s1600/BMP2_A.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwcpcG3RkAulRRHlQRSuaIH7Lr-XgOPlh_9SQEaTQcq8FJeNh4KolsPZkdGyO1ShNU0bn0HcuvJzCqvQUBSJF3c_0AGvYu9CiwhJozncMUawOOa4OZLPWixML7ezHwgatbqymGYuiyy8o/s400/BMP2_A.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"> <b><i>“</i></b><b><i><span style="font-weight: normal;">Pro-Ouattara fighters of the Republican Force of Ivory Coast ride an armoured vehicle BMP-2 as they prepare for an assault on the residence of Ivory Coast strongman Laurent Gbagbo in Abidjan, on April 6, 2011.”</span></i></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="font-weight: normal;">There are a number of interesting elements present in this picture. The BMP-2 itself clearly shows the presence of additional [appliqué] turret armour. Similarly to the BMP-1 it is unusual to see exported up-armoured examples exported unless from ex soviet republic stock. Secondly is the two visible pieces of white material tied onto the vehicle, one at the end of the barrel and one next to the rear door. This could be interpreted as flag(s) of surrender, suggesting the vehicle has been recently captured and/or the crew defected over to forces loyal to Outtara. No markings are visible, although if they are present, such as the crocodile head artwork, they may only be present on one side, the left side, as visible in the earlier BMP-1 photographs.</span></b></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCdeEsSsCKBY-Xzq_xBAWnidHKxO9-YFGJPkNvIkxdCcdvtXR7uOCCtVYKXiIr4jS-h7oAELW6-mOSAOl3UDYirwf4okOnYM23llOQ_CBH67tcT7cTJSEU75eZ6HJTCMlcUPD_MNdDTuM/s1600/BMP2_B.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCdeEsSsCKBY-Xzq_xBAWnidHKxO9-YFGJPkNvIkxdCcdvtXR7uOCCtVYKXiIr4jS-h7oAELW6-mOSAOl3UDYirwf4okOnYM23llOQ_CBH67tcT7cTJSEU75eZ6HJTCMlcUPD_MNdDTuM/s1600/BMP2_B.jpg" /></a></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></b><i>“A picture released by the French spokesman for Laurent Gbagbo on April 7, 2011 shows a burnt out tank reportedly in the gardens of the residence of Laurent Gbagbo in Abidjan." </i><i>(AFP image)</i></div>
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If the captions for the above BMP-2 photographs are accurate it could indicate that they are photographs of the same individual vehicle, just a day apart.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1cpS2TTvX0e8_1yPrQhy10eMeLZp7wkr7p4G3d8lfDg4nJHzWf664yk4470yuS6LslN9C1j4McyBDzLg7ASglCp1-Tl54Ts71VgNtY-3eli7FxELhfnENQD9P_RD_td9bkjS85w9VKTc/s1600/BMP2_C.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1cpS2TTvX0e8_1yPrQhy10eMeLZp7wkr7p4G3d8lfDg4nJHzWf664yk4470yuS6LslN9C1j4McyBDzLg7ASglCp1-Tl54Ts71VgNtY-3eli7FxELhfnENQD9P_RD_td9bkjS85w9VKTc/s400/BMP2_C.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>"<span class="imagetitle MB_0 mainImageTitle" id="ctl00_mainContent_imageTitle">Scenes in Abidjan following the capture of former Ivory Coast president Laurent Gbagbo</span><b style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"> </b><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">- A photograph made available 16 April 2011 shows armoured vehicles destroyed by French and United Nations forces sit at the entrance to former President Laurent Gbagbo's residence in Abidjan, Ivory Coast 15 April 2011."</span></i></div>
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<i>(Corbis)</i></div>
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The BMP-2 on the left is the same one as the previous photograph although comparison of the two images indicates this was taken some time later, supporting the dates provided. The BMP-2 on the right however may well have taken part in the actions leading to the arrest of Gbagbo. The damage shown for the vehicle on the right is consistant with an impact from a dedicated anti-tank missile. </div>
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The information above is slightly conflicting because if there were only three BMP-2 delivered, one of which was destroyed in 2002/2003 then there should of only been two units potentially active in the second civil war. If one was already in <span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="font-weight: normal;">Ouattara service on</span><span style="font-weight: normal;"> 02/04/2011 (as per caption) and another on 05/04/2011 (as per caption and indication of white surrender flags) then it does not explain why the French/UN forces would knock out knocking out a third [Gbagbo] example. So either a) more than three were delivered b) some of the indicated dates are inaccurate c) both BMP-2 destroyed at the Gbagbo's residence were infact loyal to Ouattara.</span></b></span></div>
Mandrakehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03742661426196849195noreply@blogger.com2